Prosthetic Planning Template for Bone Surface Replication
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current methods for placing a reference pin during hip resurfacing or replacement surgeries are prone to inaccuracies due to differences in magnification and three-dimensional replication of bony landmarks from two-dimensional X-rays, leading to potential misalignment and complications such as femoral neck failure.
Innovation Solution
A prosthetic joint component planning template with a planar, unitary structure is positioned on the exposed bone to assist in visualizing the size and orientation of the prosthetic joint component, allowing for accurate placement of the reference pin and reducing errors associated with traditional methods.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If plastic overlay templates or software-based systems are used for reference pin placement, then pre-operative planning can be performed, but measurement inaccuracies occur due to magnification differences and difficulty in replicating three-dimensional bony landmarks from two-dimensional X-rays
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies dimensionality change by transitioning from two-dimensional X-ray images to three-dimensional surface replication. The planning template creates a physical three-dimensional model of the bone surface that can be directly touched and measured, preserving spatial relationships and eliminating magnification errors inherent in two-dimensional imaging.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses copying by creating a physical replica of the bone's three-dimensional surface. The planning template is formed to match the contours and landmarks of the actual bone surface, allowing surgeons to perform accurate measurements and planning directly on this copy without relying on distorted two-dimensional X-ray representations.
2Ease of operation
If traditional plastic overlay templates are used, then measurements can be taken from X-rays, but errors result from magnification differences between X-rays and overlay templates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent eliminates magnification errors by moving from two-dimensional overlay templates to a three-dimensional planning template that physically conforms to the bone surface. This allows direct measurement on the actual bone contours without scaling or magnification corrections.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the fundamental parameter of measurement from scaled two-dimensional distances to direct three-dimensional surface measurements. The planning template allows measurements to be taken directly on the bone surface geometry, eliminating the need for magnification corrections and scaling calculations.
3Measurement precision
If bony landmarks are localized on two-dimensional X-rays, then reference points can be identified, but accurate replication in three-dimensional reality is difficult due to soft tissue overlay and curved surfaces
Solution Approach 1:
The patent resolves the difficulty of three-dimensional landmark replication by creating a physical three-dimensional model of the bone surface. The planning template captures the actual three-dimensional geometry and landmarks directly from the bone surface, eliminating the need to interpret and translate two-dimensional X-ray landmarks into three-dimensional space.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses copying to create a physical replica of the bone surface with all its three-dimensional landmarks intact. The planning template is formed to match the bone's surface geometry, preserving the spatial relationships and accessibility of landmarks without the distortions of two-dimensional imaging or the complexity of soft tissue overlay.
4Productivity
If reference pin placement is performed manually using X-rays and overlay templates, then the procedure can be completed, but femoral neck failure may occur due to malpositioning
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by performing accurate three-dimensional planning and measurement on a physical planning template before the actual surgery. The reference pin placement and prosthetic positioning are predetermined on the planning template, allowing for verification and adjustment before committing to the irreversible surgical implantation, thereby preventing malpositioning and femoral neck failure.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent uses copying to create a risk-free planning model. The planning template serves as a replica on which measurements and positioning can be tested and verified before the actual surgery, allowing surgeons to identify and correct potential positioning errors without risking damage to the patient's bone or implant failure.
Data Source
AI summary
A method for planning the implantation of a prosthetic joint component in a prosthesis-receiving bone is described. Surrounding soft tissue is retracted to expose the prosthesis-receiving bone. A prosthetic joint component planning template comprising a planar template body having a unitary structure is provided. The planning template is positioned in a superimposed orientation with a curvilinear surface of an exposed prosthesis-receiving bone. The position of the planning template is adjusted into a desired superimposed orientation with respect to the prosthesis-receiving bone. At least one of a size and an orientation of the prosthetic joint component is determined through visualization of the planning template and the prosthesis-receiving bone. An apparatus for assisting a user with determining at least one of a size and an orientation of a prosthetic joint component is also provided.