Protein Nanoparticle Microspheres via Eugenol Template and Dialysis
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional methods for preparing hollow nanoparticles, particularly in the food and biomedicine fields, are challenging due to the use of irritating chemicals and are not environmentally friendly, limiting their application.
Innovation Solution
A method involving cation exchange resin and eugenol to create protein nanoparticle microspheres with a hydrophobic core and hydrophilic shell, using asymmetric cross diffusion and dialysis to form hollow structures without organic solvents, allowing for controllable particle size and structure.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Shape
If conventional sacrificial template method is used to prepare hollow nanoparticles, then hollow structure can be achieved, but irritating chemicals and toxic additives are required which are not environmentally friendly and difficult to operate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and removes the harmful chemical template from the system by using a physical template (paraffin oil droplet) that can be easily removed through dialysis without leaving toxic residues. The template is completely extracted from the final nanoparticle structure, enabling the formation of hollow protein nanoparticles without harmful chemical additives.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces an intermediary substance (paraffin oil) as a physical template that mediates the formation of hollow structure. This intermediary is biocompatible, can be easily incorporated into the protein matrix, and is subsequently removed through dialysis, avoiding the need for harmful chemical templates while achieving the desired hollow morphology.
2Shape
If conventional sacrificial template method is used, then hollow nanoparticles can be prepared, but the process is difficult to operate and involves complex template removal
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses a disposable physical template (paraffin oil droplet) that is easily incorporated and subsequently removed through simple dialysis. This temporary template serves its purpose during formation and is then discarded through a straightforward removal process, avoiding the complex and difficult template removal procedures required by conventional chemical methods.
3Adaptability or versatility
If protein nanoparticles are prepared with controlled structure, then controllable release characteristics are achieved, but the method must avoid organic solvents to be environmentally friendly and biocompatible
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the physical state and composition parameters of the template from chemical (organic solvents) to physical (paraffin oil droplets). This parameter change allows for controlled release characteristics through dialysis while maintaining an environmentally friendly, solvent-free process that is biocompatible and suitable for food and pharmaceutical applications.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The method produces biocompatible, biodegradable protein nanoparticle microspheres with adjustable hollow structures, enabling controlled nutrient or drug release and loading, suitable for applications in food and pharmaceuticals.
Implementation Method 1
adjusting a pH of a solution of the protein powder to between 10.0 and 12.0, stirring, centrifuging, and collecting a first upper dispersion; adjusting the first upper dispersion in 1) to be neutral using a cation exchange resin
Implementation Method 2
Through the hydrophobic protein-ligand binding reaction, the method of the disclosure uses the asymmetric cross diffusion couple of eugenol and protein nanoparticles to induce the centripetal diffusion of eugenol relative to protein nanoparticles
Implementation Method 3
Through the hydrophobic protein-ligand binding reaction, the method of the disclosure uses the asymmetric cross diffusion couple of eugenol and protein nanoparticles
Implementation Method 4
through osmosis, eugenol is removed by dialysis, which forms protein nanoparticles with hollow structure
Implementation Method 5
The method makes use of salting-out effect to induce the hydrophobic aggregation of protein to form a dimension enlarged structure with different internal density to regulate the protein particles
Implementation Method 6
adding the core-shell nanoprotein dispersion to ultrapure water, dialyzing, centrifuging, collecting a second upper dispersion, freeze-drying the second upper dispersion, to yield protein nanoparticle microspheres
Data Source
AI summary
A method for preparing protein nanoparticle microspheres includes: dispersing a protein powder in water, adjusting a pH of a solution of the protein powder to between 10.0 and 12.0, stirring, centrifuging, and collecting a first upper dispersion; adjusting the first upper dispersion to be neutral using a cation exchange resin, centrifuging, to yield a protein nanoparticle dispersion; adding eugenol to the protein nanoparticle dispersion, stirring, centrifuging, and removing a precipitant, to yield a core-shell nanoprotein dispersion comprising a eugenol core and a protein shell; and adding the core-shell nanoprotein dispersion to ultrapure water, dialyzing, centrifuging, collecting a second upper dispersion, freeze-drying the second upper dispersion, to yield protein nanoparticle microspheres.