P-S Wave Separation Using Space-Time Domain Matrix
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Solution Overview
Problem
Land-based seismic data acquisition struggles with accurate P-S wave field separation due to assumptions based on vertical and horizontal proxy components, which fail in contexts with high velocity layers and are sensitive to statics and spatial sampling issues, leading to poor image accuracy of subsurface structures.
Innovation Solution
The method involves estimating P-wave and S-wave slowness values in the space-time domain to separate the data without relying on F-K or tau-p transforms, using a generalized form of the P-S radiation pattern forward modeling equation, allowing for separation even in the presence of statics and irregular sampling.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of manufacture
If the H and V proxy assumption is used for P-S wave field separation, then the processing is simplified and can be applied to常规 land-based seismic data, but the accuracy deteriorates in contexts with high velocity layers such as permafrost and hard rock surfaces
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the fundamental parameters of wave field separation from the simplified H-V proxy assumption to a comprehensive multi-component approach that processes all three components (vertical, north-south horizontal, east-west horizontal) of seismic data. This parameter change enables accurate separation in complex geological conditions while maintaining processing feasibility through systematic methodology
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a universal P-S wave field separation method that works across diverse geological contexts including permafrost, hard rock surfaces, and high velocity layers where the conventional H-V proxy assumption fails. The multi-component processing approach serves multiple functions: it accurately separates P and S waves, handles irregular sampling patterns, and adapts to various surface conditions
2Measurement precision
If the F-K or tau-p transform methods are used for P-S wave field separation, then the separation can be performed in the frequency-wavenumber domain, but the method becomes sensitive to statics and spatial sampling issues
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the frequency-wavenumber domain transformation approach (F-K or tau-p transforms) with a space-time domain methodology. This substitution eliminates the sensitivity to statics and spatial sampling issues that plague transform-based methods, while maintaining effective P-S wave field separation through direct processing of the seismic data in its original domain
Solution Approach 2:
The patent converts the previously harmful effects of statics and irregular sampling into manageable factors by using a space-time domain approach that inherently accounts for these variations. Instead of requiring perfect data conditions, the method utilizes the actual recorded data with all its imperfections, transforming the problem from one of data correction to one of direct analysis
3Productivity
If conventional P-S wave field separation is applied to land-based seismic data with irregular geometry, then the processing follows standard procedures, but the image accuracy of subsurface structures deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by processing each component of the seismic data (vertical, north-south horizontal, east-west horizontal) with appropriate separation operators tailored to its specific characteristics. This component-specific processing ensures that each data type contributes optimally to the final P-S wave field separation, improving subsurface image accuracy while maintaining processing efficiency through systematic local optimization
Data Source
AI summary
Methods and systems for separating P-S wave field data are described. Slowness values for the PP mode and the PS mode are estimated and are, typically, unequal based on aliased and/or irregularly sampled data. A calculation, in the space-time domain, based on a matrix of equations, generates separated P-wave and S-wave data. The separated P-wave data and S-wave data are output for further imaging.