Platinum Hydroxide Polymer Stabilization via Zr Ion Electrostatic Repulsion
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Solution Overview
Problem
The stabilization of platinum hydroxide polymer solutions is challenging due to rapid polymerization at room temperature, leading to increased particle diameter, turbidity, and precipitation, which complicates long-term storage and catalyst preparation with controlled platinum concentration, especially when diluted with ion-exchanged water.
Innovation Solution
Adding Zr ions at a Zr/Pt molar concentration ratio of 1.0 to 40, preferably 1.7 or higher, using zirconium oxynitrate or zirconium acetate solutions, inhibits polymerization and maintains solution stability by generating electrostatic repulsive forces, allowing for long-term storage and stable platinum concentration.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Stability of the object's composition
If the platinum hydroxide polymer solution is stored at room temperature, then the polymerization reaction proceeds rapidly, but the particle diameter increases, turbidity occurs, and precipitation forms
Solution Approach 1:
A water-soluble polymer is introduced as an intermediary substance to interact with the platinum hydroxide polymer. This intermediary forms a complex or coating around the polymer particles, preventing aggregation and maintaining colloidal stability at room temperature, thereby resolving the contradiction between maintaining polymer size and ensuring solution stability
Solution Approach 2:
The invention changes the chemical parameters of the solution by adding a water-soluble polymer, which alters the electrostatic or steric interactions between platinum hydroxide polymer particles. This parameter change prevents the rapid polymerization and aggregation that would otherwise occur at room temperature
2Quantity of substance
If the solution containing platinum hydroxide polymer is diluted with ion-exchanged water, then the desired platinum concentration is achieved, but turbidity and precipitation occur
Solution Approach 1:
The water-soluble polymer acts as a protective intermediary that remains effective even after dilution with ion-exchanged water. It continues to stabilize the platinum hydroxide polymer particles, preventing turbidity and precipitation that would normally occur upon dilution
Solution Approach 2:
The water-soluble polymer is added to the platinum hydroxide polymer solution before dilution with ion-exchanged water. This preliminary action ensures that the polymer particles are already protected and stabilized, preventing aggregation during the subsequent dilution process
3Length of moving object
If the polymerization reaction is allowed to proceed to control the degree of polymerization, then the particle size is controlled, but the reaction is irreversible and difficult to control
Solution Approach 1:
The water-soluble polymer serves as a controlling intermediary during the polymerization reaction. It modulates the reaction kinetics and provides a mechanism to control the degree of polymerization, making the otherwise irreversible and difficult-to-control reaction manageable
Solution Approach 2:
By introducing the water-soluble polymer, the reaction parameters are changed to allow for controlled polymerization. The polymer influences the reaction conditions to achieve desired particle sizes while maintaining ease of operation
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The method effectively prevents turbidity and precipitation, enabling stable platinum hydroxide polymer solutions to be stored for extended periods and supporting desired platinum amounts on catalysts without acid damage, maintaining catalytic performance.
Implementation Method 1
inhibits polymerization and maintains solution stability by generating electrostatic repulsive forces
Data Source
AI summary
Provided is a method for stabilizing a size of a platinum hydroxide polymer capable of maintaining solution stability of a platinum hydroxide polymer in a solution. The method may include adding Zr ions to a solution containing a platinum hydroxide polymer at a Zr/Pt ratio of 1.0 to 40 in terms of molar concentration ratio.