PTC Thermistor Voltage Drop Limits for Harmonic Reduction

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Solution Overview

Problem

PTC thermistors used with alternating current produce undesirable current distortions in the form of harmonics, which are particularly problematic in mobile applications like aviation where high-quality on-board voltage is crucial.

Innovation Solution

Limiting the voltage drop across the PTC thermistor to 40 V/mm or less by dimensioning it appropriately, using multiple elements connected in series or parallel, or a combination of both, to reduce harmonic oscillations.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Power

If a PTC thermistor is operated with alternating current, then heating function is achieved, but current distortion and harmonic oscillations are produced

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheating functionVSAvoidcurrent distortion
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies parameter changes by limiting the voltage drop across the PTC thermistor to a specific range (10-40 V/mm) to reduce current distortion while maintaining heating functionality. This involves adjusting electrical parameters (voltage drop per unit length) to optimize the balance between heating effect and harmonic generation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Power

If the voltage drop across the PTC thermistor is increased, then heating efficiency is improved, but current distortion and harmonic oscillations increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveheating efficiencyVSAvoidharmonic oscillations
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent establishes an optimal parameter range for voltage drop (10-40 V/mm) that balances heating efficiency with harmonic reduction. By constraining the voltage drop within this range, the system achieves effective heating while limiting current distortion to acceptable levels.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Device complexity

If a thick PTC thermistor is used, then device complexity is reduced, but voltage drop per unit length increases causing more harmonics

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvethermistor structureVSAvoidharmonic content
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSObject-generated harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The patent transforms the geometric parameter (thickness) into a controlled voltage drop parameter (V/mm). Instead of simply using thicker or thinner thermistors, the invention focuses on the voltage drop per unit length, allowing flexible design choices that meet the harmonic limitation requirement while achieving the desired heating performance.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Significantly reduces current distortion, particularly the 3rd harmonic, resulting in a largely undisturbed current or voltage curve, effectively addressing the issue in mobile applications such as aviation.

Implementation Method 1

A PTC thermistor is understood to mean a current-conducting material or a component having such material, the material being designed in such a way that its electrical resistance increases as the temperature rises. Such materials therefore have a positive temperature coefficient.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPositive temperature coefficient (PTC) effect: Thermistor

Implementation Method 2

the PTC thermistor is designed in such a way that its electrical resistance increases as the temperature rises

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectJoule heating: Joule Heating

Data Source

PatentEP2051561B1Device with at least one ptc resistor
Publication Date: 2015.04.29 LIEBHERR AEROSPACE LINDENBERG GMBH
  • EP2051561B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2051561B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The present invention relates to a device with at least one PTC thermistor and at least one AC voltage source connected to the PTC thermistor, the PTC thermistor being dimensioned such that the voltage drop across the PTC thermistor does not exceed the value of 40 V/mm.