Flame-Retardant Nonionic PU Dispersion with Covalent Phosphorus
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing aqueous polyurethane dispersions with incorporated phosphorus compounds face challenges in achieving transparency and flame retardancy while maintaining mechanical and chemical resistance, as external flame retardants often compromise the coating's appearance and durability.
Innovation Solution
Non-ionically stabilized polyurethane dispersions with organophosphorus compounds covalently bound into the polymer structure, allowing for the optional addition of external flame retardants without compromising transparency or film-forming properties.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If external flame retardants are added to aqueous polyurethane dispersions, then flame retardancy is improved, but transparency and appearance are worsened
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines internal flame retardancy (phosphorus compounds integrated into the polyurethane polymer structure) with external flame retardants (ammonium polyphosphate, melamine polyphosphate, or red phosphorus) to achieve both flame protection and transparency. The internal phosphorus provides base flame retardancy while allowing external additives to enhance protection without compromising optical properties
Solution Approach 2:
The invention creates a composite flame protection system with multiple components: phosphorus-containing polyurethane polymer as the base binder, supplemented by dispersed external flame retardant particles. This composite approach enables synergistic flame retardancy while maintaining coating transparency and appearance quality
2Reliability
If external flame retardants are added to coating formulations, then flame protection is improved, but mechanical and chemical resistance are worsened
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges chemically bonded internal flame retardancy with physically dispersed external flame retardants to achieve synergistic protection. The internal phosphorus compounds maintain polymer integrity and mechanical properties, while external additives provide enhanced fire protection without significantly compromising durability
Solution Approach 2:
The invention optimizes the concentration and type of external flame retardants to balance fire protection with mechanical performance. By controlling additive levels and selecting appropriate compounds, the system achieves flame retardancy while preserving coating strength and chemical resistance
3Reliability
If inorganic flame retardants are used in high concentrations, then flame retardancy is improved, but material properties are worsened
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameters by incorporating phosphorus compounds into the polyurethane polymer structure, enabling effective flame retardancy at lower concentrations. This reduces the negative impact on material properties while maintaining fire protection effectiveness
Solution Approach 2:
The phosphorus-containing polyurethane polymer acts as an intermediary carrier for flame retardancy, integrating the flame protective function into the binder itself rather than relying on high concentrations of separate inorganic additives. This mediates between flame protection requirements and material property preservation
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution provides transparent, flame-retardant coatings that maintain their properties and appearance, even with the addition of external flame retardants, ensuring compliance with fire protection standards while retaining mechanical and chemical resistance.
Implementation Method 1
organophosphorus compounds incorporated into the polyurethane polymer structure
Implementation Method 2
Phosphorus-based flame retardants form a protective layer on the burning surface through charring
Implementation Method 3
water is formed during the carbonization process, which has a cooling effect
Data Source
AI summary
The present invention relates to water-dispersed polyurethane polymers with organophosphorus compounds incorporated into the polyurethane polymer structure, coatings produced with such polyurethane dispersions and their use in flame-retardant aqueous coating materials, such as aqueous air-drying varnishes, aqueous stoving enamels and aqueous two-component varnishes with enhanced flame-retardant properties while maintaining the dry transparency of the coatings produced therefrom.