PUF Majority Voting for Stable Challenge-Response Outputs

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing PUF technologies face challenges in maintaining stability and reliability, particularly in challenge-response type PUFs, which often require error correcting codes and helper data, leading to increased overheads and security risks.

Innovation Solution

A method involving a plurality of PUFs that apply a set of predetermined challenges, using majority or minority decision algorithms to generate stable outputs, eliminating the need for helper data and enhancing error tolerance without increasing area, power consumption, or latency.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If error correcting codes and helper data are used in challenge-response PUFs, then reliability is improved, but device complexity and security risks increase

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovePUF response stabilityVSAvoidoverhead from error correcting codes
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system divides the PUF response into multiple segments (individual bit positions) and applies majority voting independently to each segment. This segmentation allows error correction without requiring complex helper data, as each bit position can be corrected independently based on the majority of responses from multiple challenge-response pairs.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The system creates multiple copies of the PUF response by using multiple challenge-response pairs with different challenges. These copies are then compared using majority voting to determine the correct response, eliminating the need for traditional error correcting codes while maintaining reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #26Copying

2Reliability

If helper data is stored to correct PUF errors, then reliability is improved, but security risks increase due to potential discovery or attack

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovePUF response stabilityVSAvoidsecurity risks from stored helper data
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSObject-affected harmful factors

Solution Approach 1:

The system extracts and removes the need for helper data storage by implementing error correction through majority voting on the fly. The correction logic is performed during authentication without requiring pre-stored helper data, thereby eliminating the security vulnerability associated with storing sensitive correction information.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

Solution Approach 2:

The PUF system performs self-correction by using its own multiple responses to determine the correct output through majority voting. The system serves its own error correction needs internally without requiring external helper data, making the system both more secure and more self-sufficient.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

3Reliability

If multiple PUFs are used with majority decision algorithm, then error tolerance is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveerror toleranceVSAvoidnumber of PUFs and decision logic
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The system merges multiple PUF responses by applying a majority decision algorithm across them. Instead of treating each PUF as a separate complex component, the responses are combined through a simple majority vote, achieving error tolerance while keeping the decision logic relatively simple and uniform.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The system changes the parameter of using multiple challenge-response pairs with different challenges rather than relying on multiple physical PUFs. This allows achieving error tolerance through software-based repetition and majority voting, reducing the need for additional physical hardware components.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Data Source

PatentUS20250392481A1Improved stability PUF method and apparatus
Publication Date: 2025.12.25 TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET LM ERICSSON (PUBL)
  • US20250392481A1 patent drawing
  • US20250392481A1 patent drawing
  • US20250392481A1 patent drawing

AI summary

According to an aspect, there is provided a method of using physically unclonable functions, PUF. The method comprises determining a response (385) from each of a plurality of PUFs (105, 110-1, 110-2, 110-N), to a set of predetermined challenges (380) applied to each said PUF (650), the set of predetermined challenges including different challenges; and generating an output (390) to each of the set of predetermined challenges using the responses (355) from the plurality of PUFs (660) and a majority decision algorithm.