Pulp Precursor Material Surface Treatment for Polymer Compatibility

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Solution Overview

Problem

The immiscibility and compatibility issues between bleached chemical pulp cellulose fibers and hydrophobic polymers in composite compounding lead to poor dispersion and mechanical properties, due to the hydrophilic nature of the fibers and the absence of affinity between them, resulting in reduced reinforcing effects and challenges in achieving homogeneous fiber distribution.

Innovation Solution

The use of adsorption agents, such as silanes and cationic polyelectrolytes, to treat the cellulose fibers and improve their surface interactions, combined with a thermoplastic compatibilizer, to enhance the miscibility and dispersion of the fibers within the polymer matrix, thereby creating a pulp precursor material with improved compounding properties.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Strength

If bleached chemical pulp cellulose fibers are used in composite compounding, then the reinforcing effect and mechanical strength are improved, but the hydrophilic nature of the fibers causes poor dispersion and compatibility issues with hydrophobic polymers

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemechanical strengthVSAvoiddispersion homogeneity
Core Design Contradiction:
StrengthVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies adsorption agents (such as silanes or cationic polyelectrolytes) as intermediary substances that adsorb onto the hydrophilic cellulose fiber surfaces, creating a bridge between the hydrophilic fibers and hydrophobic polymers. This intermediary layer improves the interfacial adhesion and compatibility, enabling better dispersion and reinforcing effect of the fibers in the polymer matrix.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent modifies the surface properties of the cellulose fibers by changing their chemical parameters through adsorption of surfactants or polymers. This parameter change transforms the surface from highly hydrophilic to having amphiphilic or hydrophobic characteristics, improving compatibility with hydrophobic polymer matrices while maintaining the reinforcing capability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Quantity of substance

If chemical pulping is used to remove lignin and increase cellulose fiber content, then the fiber purity and reinforcing properties are improved, but the fibers become highly hydrophilic and incompatible with hydrophobic thermoplastics

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecellulose fiber contentVSAvoidcompatibility with polymer
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces adsorption agents as mediators that bridge the chemical nature gap between highly purified cellulose fibers and hydrophobic polymers. These agents adsorb onto the fiber surface and provide compatibility, enabling the use of high cellulose content materials in thermoplastic composite applications.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the surface chemical parameters of the cellulose fibers through adsorption treatments, modifying surface energy and wettability characteristics to match those of hydrophobic polymers, thereby improving adaptability and compatibility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Ease of manufacture

If ground wood particles are used as cellulose source, then the material availability and ease of processing are improved, but the tensile and tear strength of the composite is relatively weak

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveease of processingVSAvoidtensile and tear strength
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies preliminary treatment to ground wood particles by adsorbing surfactants or polymers onto their surfaces before compounding. This preliminary action modifies the surface properties to improve interfacial adhesion with the polymer matrix, thereby enhancing the tensile and tear strength while maintaining ease of processing.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach results in a pulp precursor material with enhanced dispersion characteristics, mechanical strength, and moisture repellence, allowing for better homogeneity and thermomechanical properties in the composite, enabling higher chemical pulp content and improved fiber-polymer interaction.

Implementation Method 1

adding adsorption agent that is suitable for surface interactions with the cellulose fibres to the bleached chemical pulp, wherein the adsorption agent is for reducing hydrogen bonding of the cellulose fibres towards each other

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAdsorption: Adsorption

Implementation Method 2

mixing less than 12 wt.% of thermoplastic compatibilizer into the dried pulp, thereby obtaining pulp precursor material which has a pulp content of equal to or higher than 80 wt.% and which is suitable for compounding with a polymer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCompatibilization:

Implementation Method 3

evaporating moisture from the pulp in a flash drying unit, thereby obtaining dried pulp having a moisture content of less than 10 wt.%

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEvaporation: Evaporation

Data Source

PatentEP3721010B1A method for manufacturing pulp precursor material for compounding applications and products thereof
Publication Date: 2024.02.14 UPM KYMMENE OYJ
  • EP3721010B1 patent drawingFigure 1a
  • EP3721010B1 patent drawingFigure 1b
  • EP3721010B1 patent drawingFigure 2

AI summary

The invention relates to a method for manufacturing pulp precursor material from bleached chemical pulp, wherein adsorption agent is provided on the surface of the cellulose fibres which are dried in a flash dryer before mixing with a thermoplastic compatibilizer, such that pulp precursor material which has a pulp content of equal to or higher than 80 wt.% is obtained that is directly suitable for compounding with a further polymer.