Power Battery Pulse Heating for Low-Temperature Charging
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Solution Overview
Problem
Power batteries face significant capacity limitations and safety risks when charged in low-temperature environments, leading to issues like lithium plating, which can cause damage and affect their performance in new energy vehicles and consumer electronics.
Innovation Solution
A battery heating method and system that uses a charging device with a bidirectional DC/DC converter and AC/DC converter to heat the power battery before charging, controlled by a battery management system (BMS) that adjusts the amplitude and frequency of a pulse current based on the battery's temperature to prevent damage from low-temperature charging.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If power battery is charged in low-temperature environment, then charging function is available, but lithium plating occurs and battery safety deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by heating the power battery before charging operation. The control device detects low temperature conditions and activates heating circuits to raise battery temperature to a safe range (above 0℃) before allowing charging to proceed, thereby preventing lithium plating while maintaining charging availability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies preliminary anti-action by implementing preventive heating measures against the harmful effect of low temperature. The system proactively counteracts the temperature-induced risk of lithium plating by applying heat before charging begins, neutralizing the safety threat in advance
2Reliability
If power battery is heated in low-temperature environment, then battery safety is improved, but energy consumption increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies partial action by providing heating only when necessary - specifically when temperature falls below the 0℃ threshold. The control device conditionally activates heating circuits based on detected temperature, avoiding unnecessary energy consumption while ensuring safety when required
Solution Approach 2:
The patent implements feedback control where the control device continuously monitors battery temperature and adjusts heating activation accordingly. When temperature rises above the threshold, heating is automatically stopped, optimizing energy usage while maintaining safety
3Power
If discharge capacity is increased in low-temperature environment, then power output is improved, but battery performance deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies preliminary action by pre-heating the battery to optimal temperature range before allowing high-power discharge operations. This prepares the battery chemistry for efficient ion transport, enabling improved power output without performance degradation
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Effectively heats the power battery to ensure safe charging, preventing lithium plating and maintaining battery performance by adjusting the heating parameters according to temperature thresholds, thereby ensuring the battery's safety and functionality in low-temperature conditions.
Implementation Method 1
controlling the bidirectional DC/DC converter to form a circuit for discharging from the power battery to the charging device and a circuit for charging the power battery by the charging device, so as to heat the power battery during the discharging and charging processes
Implementation Method 2
the first instruction information includes information about the amplitude and/or frequency of a pulse current used to heat the power battery
Data Source
AI summary
Embodiments of the present application provide a battery heating method, a charging device, and a battery management system, which can effectively heat a power battery. The method may be performed by a charging device, the method including: receiving first instruction information from a control device of a power battery before the charging device charges the power battery, where the first instruction information may be used to instruct the charging device to heat the power battery; and heating the power battery according to the first instruction information.