High-Voltage Pulse Load with Tapered Dielectric Insulation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing high-voltage wideband pulse loads face challenges in achieving both wideband frequency performance and high-voltage insulation resistance due to conflicting characteristics, leading to dielectric breakdown and impedance mismatch issues.
Innovation Solution
A high-voltage wideband pulse load design featuring a rod resistor with linearly increasing resistance, a coaxial dielectric substance with a non-linearly decreasing external diameter, and a metal external housing, ensuring total impedance matches the characteristic impedance, along with slits for improved insulation and a connection scheme to prevent pulse dispersion.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If the external diameter of the HN connector is increased to provide high-voltage insulation resistance, then the insulation resistance is improved, but the impedance matching deteriorates due to the restricted internal diameter design
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by creating a non-uniform dielectric structure where the dielectric substance has a varying cross-sectional area along the pulse propagation direction. This localized variation in dielectric geometry allows different sections to serve different functions: maintaining impedance matching in some regions while providing insulation in others, thereby resolving the contradiction between insulation resistance and impedance matching.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the geometric parameters of the dielectric substance, specifically its cross-sectional area, which varies along the length of the pulse load. This parameter change allows the impedance to be controlled locally while maintaining overall insulation performance, resolving the contradiction between insulation resistance and impedance matching.
2Reliability
If ceramic resistive elements are connected in parallel to achieve wideband frequency performance, then the frequency performance is improved, but dielectric breakdown occurs due to corona phenomenon in air-filled gaps
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses a composite material approach by filling the gaps between ceramic resistive elements with a dielectric substance instead of air. This dielectric material has higher breakdown voltage characteristics, preventing corona phenomenon and dielectric breakdown while allowing the parallel connection of ceramic elements to maintain wideband frequency performance.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent converts the potentially harmful air-filled gaps between ceramic elements into beneficial dielectric-filled regions. The dielectric substance, which would normally be seen as an added complexity, actually protects against dielectric breakdown and enables reliable high-voltage operation while maintaining the frequency performance benefits of parallel-connected ceramic elements.
3Temperature
If a coaxial cable load with sheet resistor is used to achieve good thermal radiation, then the heat dissipation is improved, but the target impedance cannot be implemented accurately due to irregular deposition
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the sheet resistor deposition method with a rod resistor insertion method. Instead of relying on chemical deposition processes that produce irregular results, the rod resistor provides precise, mechanically-defined resistance values. This substitution maintains the coaxial structure's thermal radiation capabilities while achieving accurate impedance control through the precisely manufactured rod resistor.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The design achieves wideband frequency performance and high-voltage insulation resistance, maintaining desired impedance characteristics across all domains, enabling effective testing of high-voltage fast transient pulses without dielectric breakdown.
Implementation Method 1
a dielectric substance coupled to the internal line in a coaxial structure which covers the exterior of the internal line
Implementation Method 2
heat energy which is absorbed into the sheet resistor is easily transmitted to the external housing 22 which has a good thermal radiation metal structure
Data Source
AI summary
A high-voltage wideband pulse load is provided. The high-voltage wideband pulse load includes an internal line, a dielectric substance, and an external housing. The internal line includes input terminal, connection electrode and a rod resistor. The resistance of the internal line linearly increases along the moving direction of an incoming pulse by the rod resistor. The dielectric substance is coupled to the internal line in a coaxial structure which covers the exterior of the internal line, and is configured to have a shape of a non-linearly decreasing external diameter along the moving direction so that impedance linearly decreases along the moving direction in contrast with the resistance of the internal line. The external housing is coupled to the dielectric substance in a coaxial structure which covers the exterior of the dielectric substance, and is formed of metal.