Pulse Recognition Using Moving-Average Threshold Adaptation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for recognizing pulses, such as those generated by a pulse generator wheel and sensor for determining vehicle speed, face challenges in accurately compensating for amplitude offset and drift, especially in noisy conditions and varying frequency dynamics.
Innovation Solution
A method and device that transform input signal samples into transformation values by adjusting a reference sample value and calculating a moving average, allowing for decimation and automatic threshold adjustment, enabling reliable pulse recognition even with large amplitude offsets and frequency variations.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If a variable switching threshold is used for drift compensation, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The system automatically adjusts the switching threshold using a moving average of transformation values without requiring external calibration or complex adjustment circuits. The threshold adapts self-service style to compensate for drift and offset automatically during operation.
Solution Approach 2:
The switching threshold is dynamically changed based on the moving average of transformation values. This parameter adaptation allows the system to maintain measurement precision under varying conditions without increasing hardware complexity.
2Measurement precision
If amplitude offset compensation is implemented, then measurement precision is improved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The harmful amplitude offset is extracted and separated from the pulse signal through transformation and moving average calculation. This allows the offset to be compensated without requiring complex dedicated compensation circuits.
Solution Approach 2:
Transformation values serve as an intermediary between the raw input signal and the final pulse recognition. These transformation values, processed through moving average, mediate the offset compensation while keeping the overall device structure simple.
3Measurement precision
If noise filtering is applied, then measurement precision is improved, but loss of information increases
Solution Approach 1:
The moving average window and transformation process are dynamically adapted to the pulse characteristics. This dynamic approach filters noise while preserving important pulse information, unlike static filtering methods that may lose signal details.
Solution Approach 2:
The transformation and moving average process applies partial filtering - enough to remove noise but not so much as to eliminate pulse information. The approach balances noise reduction with information preservation through controlled processing intensity.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach simplifies the device design, reduces costs, and ensures accurate pulse recognition across a wide frequency range (1 Hz to 10 kHz), effectively compensating for noise and amplitude offset, making it suitable for vehicle speed determination using static sensors with Hall elements.
Implementation Method 1
a sensor, which includes, for example, a Hall element, for determining a speed
Data Source
Figure 1~2
Figure 3A~3B
Figure 4
AI summary
A series (FA) of scanning values (AW) is transformed into a series (FT) of transformation values (TW) by adding one respective transformation value (TW) representing a current scanning value (AW) of the series (FA) of scanning values (AW) to the series (FT) of transformation values (TW) if said current scanning value (AW) of the series (FA) of scanning values (AW) deviates from a given reference scanning value (REF) at least by a given net value (MDIFF). The current scanning value (AW) of the series (FA) of scanning values (AW) which deviates from the given reference scanning value (REF) at least by the given net value (MDIFF) is predefined as the given reference scanning value (REF) for subsequent current scanning values (AW). A moving average (M) is determined in accordance with the series (FT) of transformation values (TW). Pulses (IMP) are recognized in accordance with the moving average (M).