Pump-Free Flow Boiling Heat Sink Using a Two-Phase Steam Injector
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Solution Overview
Problem
Mechanical pump-driven flow boiling heat dissipation systems face reliability issues due to internal moving parts, require external power, are gravity-dependent, and suffer from liquid supply delays and pressure fluctuations, limiting their application in high heat flux and demanding environments.
Innovation Solution
A mechanical pump-free flow boiling heat sink utilizing a two-phase flow steam injector to efficiently pump supercooled liquid into a boiling pool, enhancing heat dissipation with a two-phase flow steam injector composed of a vapor nozzle, liquid nozzle, and mixing section, and structured boiling pools with microstructures to promote efficient heat exchange.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If a mechanical pump-driven flow boiling heat dissipation loop is used, then effective heat dissipation at higher heat flux is achieved, but system reliability is reduced due to internal moving parts and external power requirements
Solution Approach 1:
The patent removes the mechanical pump and external power source from the system, extracting the problematic components that reduced reliability. The system achieves pump-free operation by utilizing the pressure differential created by the two-phase flow steam injector, eliminating moving parts that could fail while maintaining effective heat dissipation capability.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces the mechanical pump-driven system with a two-phase flow steam injector-based system. Instead of using mechanical forces to drive fluid circulation, the system utilizes phase change dynamics and pressure differential to achieve flow boiling heat dissipation, thereby eliminating mechanical wear and external power requirements.
2Ease of operation
If a mechanical pump-driven cooling system is used, then fluid circulation is maintained, but device complexity and weight increase due to external power source and moving parts
Solution Approach 1:
The system achieves self-service operation through the two-phase flow steam injector, which automatically maintains fluid circulation without external control. The injector utilizes the inherent pressure differential between the evaporator outlet and condenser outlet to drive liquid phase working fluid into the boiling pool, creating a self-regulating circulation system that reduces complexity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent leverages phase transitions of the working fluid (liquid to vapor in evaporator, vapor to liquid in condenser) to drive the circulation system. The two-phase flow steam injector exploits the pressure differential created by these phase changes to pump liquid into the boiling pool, replacing complex mechanical circulation systems with a phase-change-driven mechanism.
3Device complexity
If existing mechanical pump-free flow boiling heat dissipation loops dependent on gravity are used, then system simplicity is improved, but applicability is limited in specific application occasions
Solution Approach 1:
The two-phase flow steam injector performs preliminary action by pre-establishing a pressure differential between the evaporator outlet and condenser outlet. This pressure differential is created before gravity can act on the system, enabling the injector to pump liquid phase working fluid into the boiling pool regardless of orientation, thereby expanding applicability to non-gravity-dependent scenarios while maintaining system simplicity.
4Productivity
If heat load increases in existing mechanical pump-free systems, then cooling demand is met, but liquid supply to boiling pool is delayed causing dry burning
Solution Approach 1:
The two-phase flow steam injector implements a feedback mechanism where the pressure differential between evaporator outlet and condenser outlet automatically regulates liquid supply to the boiling pool. As heat load increases, the pressure differential adjusts to maintain adequate liquid supply, preventing dry burning while meeting increased cooling demands. This self-regulating feedback eliminates the liquid supply delays present in gravity-dependent systems.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system achieves reliable, high critical heat flux density heat dissipation without external power or moving parts, stabilizing liquid supply and pressure, and optimizing heat transfer performance for high heat flux electronic devices.
Implementation Method 1
based on the ejection and pressurization abilities of a two-phase flow steam injector, the supercooled liquid (with a mass flow rate dozens to hundreds of times the mass flow rate of vapor at the evaporator outlet) is efficiently pumped into a boiling pool
Implementation Method 2
a two-phase flow steam injector composed of a vapor nozzle, liquid nozzle, and mixing section
Implementation Method 3
a boiling pool is located at the outlet of the two-phase flow steam injector, and its working fluid is a non-equilibrium two-phase flow formed by ejection mixing of a high-temperature vapor phase and a liquid phase from the compensation chamber
Implementation Method 4
form a flow boiling within the core heat dissipation area, so as to achieve effective heat dissipation of electronic devices with a high heat flux
Implementation Method 5
an outlet of each of the at least one boiling pool is communicated with an inlet of the second condenser, and an outlet of the second condenser is communicated with a liquid-phase inlet of the two-phase flow steam injector
Data Source
AI summary
A mechanical pump-free flow boiling heat sink, including an evaporator, a two-phase flow steam injector, a first condenser, a boiling pool and a second condenser. A vapor outlet of the evaporator is communicated with a vapor-phase inlet of the two-phase flow steam injector. A liquid-phase outlet of the evaporator is communicated with an inlet of the boiling pool. An outlet of the boiling pool is communicated with an inlet of the second condenser. An outlet of the second condenser is communicated with a liquid-phase inlet of the two-phase flow steam injector. An outlet of the two-phase flow steam injector is communicated with an inlet of the first condenser. An outlet of the first condenser is communicated with an inlet of the evaporator.