Blood Pump-Oxygenator Manifold for Low-Trauma Recirculation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional cardiopulmonary bypass systems are complex, costly, and cause significant blood trauma, limiting their use to short durations due to mechanical damage and plasma leakage, requiring expert setup and continuous monitoring, and are not suitable for long-term applications.
Innovation Solution
A simplified cardiopulmonary bypass system using a pump and oxygenator in a closed series circuit with a manifold, allowing multiple blood passes, pressure feedback, and modular components for easy replacement without system interruption, reducing blood trauma and setup complexity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional cardiopulmonary bypass systems with multiple pumps, reservoirs, and bubble traps are used, then oxygenation and blood circulation functions are achieved, but system complexity increases significantly requiring expert setup and continuous monitoring
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines multiple separate components (pump, oxygenator, bubble trap, reservoir) into a single integrated cardiopulmonary bypass system. The housing contains all functional elements in one unit, eliminating the need for multiple separate devices and their interconnections, thereby reducing setup complexity while maintaining all necessary functions.
Solution Approach 2:
The integrated system performs multiple functions simultaneously: the pump provides blood circulation, the oxygenator performs gas exchange, and the housing serves as both structural support and bubble trap. This multi-functionality eliminates the need for separate dedicated components for each function, simplifying the overall system.
2Reliability
If conventional systems with multiple components and extensive tubing are used, then complete blood processing functions are achieved, but manufacturing and operation costs increase
Solution Approach 1:
By integrating multiple components into a single housing, the patent reduces the total number of parts that need to be manufactured, assembled, and quality-tested. This consolidation reduces manufacturing complexity and associated costs while maintaining complete blood processing functionality.
3Reliability
If conventional systems with multiple reservoirs and interconnections are used, then blood circulation control is achieved, but setup time increases and requires expert personnel
Solution Approach 1:
The patent integrates reservoirs, pumps, and control mechanisms into a single pre-assembled unit with internal connections already established. This eliminates the need for experts to manually connect multiple separate components during setup, dramatically reducing setup time while maintaining blood circulation control functionality.
4Productivity
If conventional occlusive roller pumps are used, then blood flow is achieved, but blood trauma occurs causing mechanical destruction of red blood cells
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the occlusive roller pump mechanism with a non-occlusive pump design that avoids direct mechanical contact and compression of blood cells. This substitution eliminates the mechanical destruction of red blood cells while maintaining effective blood flow through the system.
5Reliability
If conventional oxygenators are used beyond a few hours to a day, then oxygenation function is maintained initially, but plasma leakage into hollow fibers occurs resulting in diminished performance
Solution Approach 1:
The patent incorporates a disposable oxygenator cartridge that is pre-filled with hollow fibers and can be replaced after a certain period of use. This disposable design eliminates the performance degradation issue by providing a fresh oxygenator for each use, ensuring consistent oxygenation function without the plasma leakage problems of reusable systems.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system provides long-term cardiopulmonary support with reduced blood trauma, simplified setup, and reduced risk of malfunction, enabling applications up to ten days with minimal expert intervention and reduced system size.
Implementation Method 1
Given a sufficient pressure gradient between the oxygen supply and the blood, the oxygen will diffuse through the membrane and into the blood
Implementation Method 2
carbon dioxide will tend to diffuse from the blood into the membrane
Data Source
AI summary
A blood pump-oxygenator system comprises at least one blood pump, an oxygenator, inflow and outflow cannulas, connected to form a closed series circuit operable as a cardiopulmonary bypass system for extracorporeal processing of the patient's blood. The blood pump conveys blood through the circuit from the patient into the inflow cannula, through the oxygenator and out of the outflow cannula back into the patient. A manifold is connected between the inflow and outflow cannulas so blood passes through the manifold, wherein the manifold accommodates the blood pump and the oxygenator to form a recirculation loop configured to recirculate at least part of the blood in the circuit so the blood passes over the oxygenator multiple times. An extra blood pump is positioned at the outflow cannula to deliver a set volume to the patient, controllable independently from the blood pump that circulates the blood in the manifold including the oxygenator.