PV Battery Charging Current Control Without DC/AC Conversion
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for charging batteries from photovoltaic panels suffer from energy losses and complexity due to the need for DC/AC conversion and detailed monitoring of individual battery cells, which limits the optimal use of photovoltaic panels with varying sizes and lighting conditions.
Innovation Solution
A method that focuses on managing the output current from photovoltaic panels to ensure optimal charging of batteries, where the instantaneous electrical power is continuously monitored and transformed into optimal charging current, simplifying the connection of multiple panels to a single DC bus and relying on the battery's control system for current distribution, without requiring detailed monitoring of individual panel parameters.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If DC/AC conversion systems are used to adjust current magnitude and eliminate fluctuations, then current control is achieved, but considerable energy losses occur in the system
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and eliminates the DC/AC conversion stage from the charging system. By directly connecting the photovoltaic panel to the battery through a simplified circuit with only a diode and resistance, the system removes the energy-lossy conversion components while maintaining current control capability through natural circuit characteristics.
Solution Approach 2:
The system uses the inherent electrical characteristics of the photovoltaic panel and battery connection circuit to automatically regulate current. The resistance and diode create self-limiting current flow that adapts to changing conditions without active control, eliminating the need for energy-consuming conversion systems.
2Reliability
If maximum power monitor and cell balancers with controllable converters are used, then power maximization and overcharging prevention are achieved, but device complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent removes the complex maximum power monitor and cell balancer components from the system. Instead of active monitoring and control devices, the invention uses a passive circuit configuration where the diode and resistance inherently prevent overcharging and manage power flow without requiring additional electronic components.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent combines the functions of power regulation, overcharging protection, and current control into a single simplified circuit topology. The diode and resistance serve multiple protective and regulatory functions simultaneously, eliminating the need for separate monitoring and control devices.
3Measurement precision
If detailed monitoring of individual battery cells is implemented, then charging precision is improved, but measurement and control complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts and eliminates the need for individual cell monitoring by using a circuit configuration where the diode and resistance naturally distribute charging current in a way that prevents any single cell from overcharging. The passive circuit elements replace the need for active sensing and control of each cell.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach simplifies the management of charging current, reduces energy losses, and ensures optimal charging regardless of the number or type of connected photovoltaic panels, allowing for efficient energy transfer and utilization.
Implementation Method 1
One of the methods of obtaining green electricity is to use the light of the sun and convert light energy into electrical energy
Data Source
AI summary
Annotation A method of charging at least one accumulator battery (4) from at least one photovoltaic panel (1, 2). The photovoltaic panel (1, 2) generates an instantaneous electrical power (PΔt), at each point in time (Δt), which is transformed into a charging current in the converter (6) connected to the photovoltaic panel (1, 2). This charging current is transmitted via a DC power line (3) to at least one accumulator battery (4). According to this method, the values of the instantaneous electrical power (PΔt) of the photovoltaic panel (1, 2) and the maximum possible charging voltage (Ubat.) of the accumulator battery (4) are continuously monitored at each point in time (Δt). The instantaneous electrical power (PΔt) of the photovoltaic panel (1, 2) is then continuously transformed to the optimal charging current (Iopt.) at each point in time (Δt) to be maximal and to meet the conditionsIopt.=PΔtUbat.and concurrently Iopt.≤Imax..