Photovoltaic Module Internal Protection Circuit Structure
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing half-cell photovoltaic modules suffer from low electricity generation utilization rates and reliability issues due to conventional internal protection circuit designs, which result in significant power loss and increased failure risks, especially when cells are shadowed or in reverse bias states, affecting the levelized cost of electricity and manufacturing process compatibility.
Innovation Solution
A unique internal protection circuit structure for photovoltaic modules where solar cells are divided into six columns with specific polarity connections and three bypass diodes are strategically placed to form separate loops, reducing diode bypassed cells and enhancing power generation efficiency while being compatible with conventional manufacturing processes.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional internal protection circuit designs with bypass diodes are used in half-cell photovoltaic modules, then reliability protection is provided, but electricity generation utilization rate decreases significantly due to diode bypassed cells
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the solar cell array into six columns with specific polarity connections, creating separate series strings that can be independently managed. This segmentation allows the protection circuit to isolate only the affected column rather than bypassing entire substrings, thereby maintaining higher electricity generation utilization while providing reliability protection.
Solution Approach 2:
Instead of connecting substrings in parallel first and then in series (conventional approach), the patent inverts the connection logic by organizing columns in series first with specific polarity arrangements, then connecting them differently to achieve both protection and high utilization rate simultaneously.
2Reliability
If conventional internal protection circuit designs are used, then some protection function is provided, but manufacturing process compatibility requires sped up processing operation cycle
Solution Approach 1:
The patent designs a universal connection structure that works with conventional manufacturing processes without requiring specialized equipment or significantly altered procedures. The six-column configuration with specific polarity connections can be implemented using standard series connection techniques, making it compatible with existing manufacturing lines while providing improved protection function.
3Power
If two strings are connected in parallel and then three strings in series with bypass diodes, then output voltage and current are maintained, but power loss increases due to squared current relationship
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a more flexible circuit configuration where current paths can dynamically adapt based on which columns are active or bypassed. By organizing six columns with specific polarity connections, the system can maintain optimal current flow through active columns, reducing the overall current squared losses compared to conventional fixed parallel-series configurations.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution effectively increases the practical utilization rate of electricity generation, improves manufacturing operability, and reduces the levelized generation cost, ensuring stable performance and compatibility with existing manufacturing lines without additional investment.
Implementation Method 1
two bypass diodes are used to protect the solar cells. If one substring in three substrings is shadowed to be put in the reverse bias state, the diodes connected in parallel to the shadowed substring are turned on and start to work
Data Source
AI summary
An internal protection circuit structure of a photovoltaic module, which includes a plurality of solar cells including a first column, a second column, a third column, a fourth column, a fifth column, and a sixth column sequentially. Positive and negative electrodes of each column of the solar cells are sequentially connected in series to form a substring of the solar cell. The upper ends of the second column and the third column are connected to each other with a first diode connected in series to be pulled out as an outgoing terminal. The present invention uses a manner in which substrings are connected first in series and later in parallel, with four bypass diodes connected in the circuit. As such, the actual utilization ratio of the solar cell is improved.