PV Module Orientation Switching for Cloudy-Sky Energy Capture
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Solution Overview
Problem
Photovoltaic (PV) systems face inefficiencies due to variations in solar radiant flux density, requiring large and costly installations that are not optimized for both sunny and cloudy conditions, especially when used for hydrogen production from water electrolysis.
Innovation Solution
A directional control method for PV modules that adjusts between two-axis solar tracking and a horizontal position based on measured solar irradiance, utilizing additional sensors to determine the optimal orientation for maximum energy capture under varying atmospheric conditions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If two-axis solar tracking is used to maximize energy capture on sunny days, then energy output is optimized under clear skies, but energy capture decreases under cloudy conditions compared to horizontal positioning
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements dynamic positioning by switching between two-axis tracking mode and horizontal positioning mode based on real-time atmospheric conditions. The system continuously monitors cloud cover and solar irradiance, adjusting the module orientation dynamically to optimize energy capture for current conditions rather than maintaining a fixed tracking algorithm designed for clear skies.
Solution Approach 2:
The system changes the orientation parameter of the photovoltaic modules based on atmospheric conditions. Under cloudy conditions, the module tilt angle is changed from the tracked solar position to a horizontal orientation (0 degrees), which maximizes diffuse light capture. This parameter adjustment allows the system to adapt to varying light conditions and maintain optimal productivity.
2Power
If PV systems are sized to meet hydrogen production requirements, then sufficient power is available, but the system size and cost increase due to inefficiencies under cloudy conditions
Solution Approach 1:
The patent enables the PV system to self-adjust its orientation based on atmospheric conditions without external control. The system autonomously switches between tracking and horizontal modes using onboard sensors and control logic, eliminating the need for external intervention or complex grid management to ensure adequate power supply during cloudy periods.
Solution Approach 2:
The system incorporates feedback mechanisms through sensors that continuously monitor atmospheric conditions such as cloud cover and solar irradiance. This feedback information is used by the control system to adjust module orientation in real-time, ensuring optimal energy capture under varying conditions and reducing the need for oversized system capacity to handle cloudy day deficits.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method enhances energy output by 30-80% under cloudy conditions and reduces the size and cost of PV systems by optimizing energy capture in both sunny and cloudy conditions, making them more efficient and cost-effective for hydrogen production.
Implementation Method 1
Photovoltaic (PV) cells are known semiconductor devices that convert light (i.e. by photons impinging on a pn junction) into electrical energy
Implementation Method 2
an electrolysis system can be devised to deliver hydrogen gas at a required or design rate
Data Source
AI summary
An array of solar powered photovoltaic modules is optimally oriented and operated to provide more electrical energy for uses such as powering an electrolyzer system for hydrogen production. The array is positioned with its light receiving surface at an optimal angle, preferably a continually changing angle determined by two-axis solar tracking, when continually measured solar irradiance indicates suitable sunlight, and at a horizontal position when measured solar irradiance indicates excessive atmospheric cloudiness.