Automatic Switchbox for Photovoltaic Array Voltage Regulation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional photovoltaic systems lack the flexibility to adjust and optimize power output to the inverter, as PV strings are hardwired to bus lines, limiting the ability to reconfigure connections based on power output, which can lead to inefficiencies and safety issues due to voltage fluctuations.
Innovation Solution
An automatic switchbox system that dynamically connects PV devices in series or parallel based on output voltage, using a node controller and relay switches to maintain an optimal voltage range within the inverter's safety ratings, ensuring efficient power distribution and preventing overvoltage or undervoltage conditions.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If PV strings are hardwired to bus lines in conventional systems, then installation is simplified, but the system loses flexibility to adjust and optimize power output based on changing conditions
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements dynamic reconfiguration of PV strings by replacing hardwired connections with electronically controlled switches (relays) that can change connection topology between series and parallel configurations based on real-time voltage measurements and environmental conditions, enabling the system to adapt its electrical characteristics dynamically
Solution Approach 2:
The patent divides the PV array into multiple independently controllable strings that can be reconfigured through individual switch control, allowing selective grouping of strings in series or parallel to optimize voltage output for different operating conditions and inverter requirements
2Power
If PV strings are connected in series to increase voltage, then power output increases, but voltage may exceed inverter safety ratings under certain conditions
Solution Approach 1:
The patent incorporates voltage sensing circuitry that continuously monitors the output voltage of PV string combinations and feeds this information back to the control logic, which automatically adjusts the switch configuration to maintain voltage within safe operating limits while maximizing power output
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the electrical parameters of the system by dynamically altering the series/parallel configuration of PV strings based on measured voltage levels, thereby adjusting the overall system voltage to remain within inverter safety ratings while optimizing power generation
3Productivity
If PV strings are reconfigured dynamically to optimize voltage, then power efficiency improves, but system complexity and control requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a self-regulating control system that autonomously monitors voltage conditions and automatically adjusts switch configurations without external intervention, using simple comparison logic against predetermined voltage thresholds to determine when to switch between series and parallel connections
Solution Approach 2:
The patent establishes predetermined voltage thresholds and operational criteria in advance that guide the control logic's decision-making, allowing the system to respond quickly and efficiently to changing conditions without complex real-time calculations or sophisticated control algorithms
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The system effectively adjusts PV array connections to maintain optimal voltage within a predetermined range, enhancing power efficiency, preventing inverter overload, and ensuring safe operation by dynamically switching between series and parallel configurations in response to changing output voltages.
Implementation Method 1
A photovoltaic system (or PV system) is a system that uses photovoltaic solar cells to convert light into electricity
Data Source
AI summary
In one embodiment, a photovoltaic (PV) power generation system includes a plurality of PV arrays coupled to an automatic switchbox that connects the one or more PV arrays in series or in parallel with each other based at least in part on output voltage of the switchbox.In this embodiment, the automatic switchbox monitors the output voltage and ensures that the output voltage is within a predetermined operational range. If the output voltage exceeds a first predetermined voltage, then the array switchbox electrically couples one or more PV arrays in parallel with each other, which reduces the output voltage within the predetermined operational range. If the output voltage falls below a second predetermined voltage, the switchbox connects one or more PV arrays in series with each other, which increases the output voltage to within the predetermined range.