PVC Foam Processing Aid via Graft Copolymerization

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Solution Overview

Problem

Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resins exhibit poor impact strength, workability, thermal stability, and heat deflection temperature, and foam molding results in non-uniform and low foaming with existing additives, necessitating a more effective processing aid for improved foam moldability.

Innovation Solution

A PVC foam processing aid comprising 50 to 90% by weight of a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer with a weight average molecular weight of 2,000,000 to 5,000,000 g/mol and 50 to 10% by weight of an alkyl methacrylate-alkyl acrylate copolymer with a weight average molecular weight of 200,000 to 1,000,000 g/mol, which are polymerized together to enhance aggregation and foaming properties.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Manufacturing precision

If high-molecular weight acrylate processing aid is used to improve foam moldability, then foam cell uniformity and foaming magnitude improve, but the cost increases and aggregation property deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefoam cell uniformityVSAvoidaggregation property
Core Design Contradiction:
Manufacturing precisionVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent creates a composite processing aid by grafting styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer onto high-molecular weight acrylate processing aid. This composite structure combines the excellent foam cell uniformity and foaming magnitude of acrylate processing aid with the superior aggregation property of styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer, resolving the contradiction between foam quality and aggregation performance

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The invention merges two different polymer systems (acrylate processing aid and styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer) into a single integrated processing aid composition. The graft copolymerization process combines the functional advantages of both materials, achieving simultaneous improvement in foam moldability and aggregation property

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

2Ease of manufacture

If high-molecular weight styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer is used to improve aggregation property, then aggregation property improves and cost decreases, but foam moldability deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveaggregation propertyVSAvoidfoam moldability
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of manufactureVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent develops a composite processing aid where styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer is grafted onto high-molecular weight acrylate processing aid. This composite structure preserves the excellent aggregation property of styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer while maintaining the superior foam moldability of acrylate processing aid, resolving the contradiction between aggregation performance and foam quality

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

Solution Approach 2:

The invention changes the molecular structure parameters by creating a graft copolymer with specific weight average molecular weight (200,000 to 1,000,000 g/mol) and controlled grafting density. This parameter optimization allows the material to exhibit both good aggregation property and foam moldability simultaneously

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Weight of moving object

If polyvinyl chloride is foam-molded alone to reduce weight and cost, then weight reduction and cost lowering are achieved, but elongation and melt strength become insufficient

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvemolded article weightVSAvoidmelt strength
Core Design Contradiction:
Weight of moving objectVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces a novel processing aid as an intermediary substance between polyvinyl chloride and the foaming process. This processing aid, composed of graft copolymerized styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer on acrylate processing aid, acts as a mediator that enhances melt strength and elongation during foaming, enabling successful foam molding of PVC while maintaining weight reduction benefits

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution significantly improves the aggregation and foam moldability of polyvinyl chloride resins, reducing cell size uniformity and increasing the amount of extruded product during foaming, while maintaining suitable physical properties.

Implementation Method 1

polymerizing a styrene monomer with an acrylonitrile monomer in the presence of a polymerization initiator to obtain a styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPolymerization: Photopolymerisation

Implementation Method 2

performing polymerization in the presence of a polymerization initiator to obtain a polymer having a structure in which an alkyl methacrylate-alkyl acrylate copolymer having a weight average molecular weight (Mw) of 200,000 to 1,000,000 g/mol surrounds the styrene-acrylonitrile copolymer

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPolymerization: Photopolymerisation

Data Source

PatentUS9670349B2PVC foam processing aid, method for preparing the same and polyvinyl chloride resin composition comprising the same
Publication Date: 2017.06.06 LG CHEM LTD

AI summary

Disclosed are a PVC foam processing aid, a method for preparing the same, and a polyvinyl chloride resin composition comprising the same. More specifically, provided are a PVC foam processing aid and a polyvinyl chloride resin composition exhibiting superior aggregation property and improving foam moldability of polyvinyl chloride (PVC) resins, prepared therefrom.