PVQ Indexing With Terminal Sign Extraction for 32-Bit DSPs
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing pyramid vector quantization (PVQ) indexing schemes are limited by 32-bit integer ranges and cannot be efficiently implemented in digital signal processor (DSP) architectures that only support signed 32-bit integers, leading to increased complexity and overhead in indexing and de-indexing operations.
Innovation Solution
The proposed method involves extracting a leading sign from the input vector and using it to index the vector with a pyramid vector quantization enumeration scheme, which neglects the sign of the terminal non-zero coefficient, allowing for the use of 33-bit PVQ indices in 32-bit DSP hardware and enabling efficient indexing and de-indexing operations.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Adaptability or versatility
If existing PVQ indexing schemes are used, then indexing operations can be performed, but the schemes are limited by 32-bit integer ranges and cannot be efficiently implemented in DSP architectures that only support signed 32-bit integers, leading to increased complexity and overhead
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the 33-bit PVQ index into two parts: a sign bit and a 32-bit magnitude. This segmentation allows the index to be processed using standard signed 32-bit integer operations in DSP architectures, resolving the incompatibility between 33-bit indexing requirements and 32-bit hardware constraints while maintaining efficiency
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the parameter representation by using signed 32-bit integers to represent what would traditionally require 33 bits. By leveraging the sign bit of the integer type system, the patent effectively packs 33 bits of information into a 32-bit container, eliminating the need for specialized 33-bit hardware support
2Measurement precision
If 33-bit PVQ indices are used, then more precise indexing is achieved, but hardware bit size demands increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the parameter representation by using signed 32-bit integers to represent what would traditionally require 33 bits. By leveraging the sign bit of the integer type system, the patent effectively packs 33 bits of information into a 32-bit container, eliminating the need for specialized 33-bit hardware support
3Productivity
If traditional PVQ indexing is implemented, then indexing operations can be performed, but additional cost in terms of MOPS, RAM, ROM, and Program ROM increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent makes the existing signed 32-bit integer operations self-sufficient for PVQ indexing by using the sign bit as part of the index representation. This eliminates the need for additional specialized hardware or data structures, allowing standard DSP operations to handle the indexing without requiring extra MOPS, RAM, ROM, or Program ROM resources
Data Source
AI summary
A method for pyramid vector quantization indexing of audio/video signals comprises obtaining of an integer input vector representing the audio/video signal samples. A leading sign is extracted from the integer input vector. The leading sign is a sign of a terminal non-zero coefficient in the integer input vector. The terminal non-zero coefficient is one of a first non-zero coefficient and a last non-zero coefficient in the integer input vector. The integer input vector is indexed with a pyramid vector quantization enumeration scheme into an output index representing the audio/video signal samples. The pyramid vector quantization enumeration scheme is designed for neglecting the sign of the terminal non-zero coefficient. The output index and the leading sign are outputted. A corresponding method for de-indexing, an encoder, a decoder, and computer programs therefore are also disclosed.