Pyrazine Derivatives for Real-Time Renal Function Monitoring

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for monitoring renal function are inadequate due to their inefficiency, inaccuracy, and delay in providing timely data, which hinders effective treatment and management of acute renal failure, especially in critically ill patients.

Innovation Solution

Development of pyrazine derivatives that absorb and emit spectral energy in the visible and near-infrared range, allowing for real-time assessment of renal function through optical detection, with properties comparable to or exceeding those of conventional renal clearance agents like creatinine and iothalamate.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If conventional renal monitoring procedures (24-hour urine collection) are used, then renal function data can be obtained, but the procedure takes too long (24+ hours) and delays treatment decisions

Engineering Contradiction:

Improverenal function assessment accuracyVSAvoidtime to obtain renal function data

Core Design Contradiction:

Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces mechanical/chemical collection methods (urine collection, lab analysis) with optical detection. Pyrazine derivatives are administered and detected using optical sensors that measure light absorption and emission, enabling real-time renal function monitoring without physical sample collection and analysis delays

Inventive Principle:

Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses optical detection in a non-invasive manner, creating an 'inert' detection environment that doesn't require interfering with normal physiological processes. The optical sensors detect pyrazine derivatives in blood or urine without disrupting the natural renal function being measured, enabling continuous monitoring

Inventive Principle:

Principle #39Inert atmosphere (Inert environment)

2Loss of time

If crude measurements (urine output, plasma creatinine) are used, then renal function can be assessed quickly, but the measurements are inaccurate and misleading

Engineering Contradiction:

Improvetime to obtain renal function dataVSAvoidrenal function assessment accuracy

Core Design Contradiction:

Loss of timeVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces pyrazine derivatives as intermediary substances that mediate between the renal function being measured and the optical detection system. These derivatives accumulate in renal tissue and can be optically detected, providing an accurate real-time proxy for renal function without requiring direct measurement of traditional markers

Inventive Principle:

Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent exploits optical properties (absorption and emission spectra) of pyrazine derivatives as functional 'color changes' for detection. The derivatives have characteristic spectral signatures that allow specific identification and quantification, enabling accurate renal function assessment through optical spectroscopy

Inventive Principle:

Principle #32Color changes

3Measurement precision

If additional samples and calculations are performed to adjust serum creatinine, then renal function accuracy may improve, but the process becomes more complex and delayed

Engineering Contradiction:

Improverenal function assessment accuracyVSAvoidcomplexity of monitoring procedure

Core Design Contradiction:

Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent enables the monitoring system to self-correct and self-calibrate through optical detection. The pyrazine derivatives provide direct optical signals that can be quantified without requiring manual calculations or adjustments, and the system can automatically compensate for variations in patient physiology through the characteristic spectral responses

Inventive Principle:

Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables rapid and accurate monitoring of renal function, providing timely data for improved patient management and treatment decisions, particularly in critically ill patients, by utilizing pyrazine derivatives that demonstrate strong absorption and luminescence with tailored spectral properties for enhanced tissue penetration.

Implementation Method 1

compounds for biomedical applications, including imaging and diagnosing medical conditions. Compounds provided absorb and emit spectral energy in the visible, near infrared, and/or any other wavelength range useful for optical detection in medical procedures

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectAbsorption (EM radiation): Absorption (EM radiation)

Implementation Method 2

Compounds provided absorb and emit spectral energy in the visible, near infrared, and/or any other wavelength range useful for optical detection in medical procedures

Methodology Applied

Scientific EffectLuminescence: Luminescence

Data Source

PatentUS9005581B2Modified pyrazine derivatives and uses thereof

Publication Date: 2015.04.14 MEDIBEACON INC

AI summary

Provided herein are compounds, preparations and formulations comprising pyrazine derivatives having multiple poly(ethylene glycol) containing substituents. Many of the compounds disclosed herein are excretable by the renal system of a subject or patient and are useful for visualizing the renal system of a subject or patient. Upon excitation by electromagnetic radiation, a number of the compounds disclosed herein exhibit luminescence and are externally detectable when present in the body fluid of a patient or subject. Also provided herein are methods for visualizing the renal system of a subject or patient.