Pyrazolylpyrazole Herbicide Structure for Resistant Weed Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current herbicides face challenges in controlling weeds with higher leaf stages, particularly paddy weeds, and those resistant to ALS inhibitors, with limited efficacy against perennial and annual weeds, and concerns about environmental pollution.
Innovation Solution
A pyrazolylpyrazole derivative with a specific chemical structure, represented by formula (I), demonstrating a wide herbicidal spectrum and safety for crops, effectively controlling weeds across various stages and types, including resistant species, without causing phytotoxicity to paddy rice.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If early to mid-term one-shot herbicides are used to control paddy weeds, then weeds at the second to third leaf stage can be controlled effectively, but weeds at the 3.5 leaf stage or more cannot be controlled
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the chemical structure of existing pyrazole derivative herbicides by introducing specific substituents (such as fluorine atoms at positions 3 and 5, and chlorine atoms at positions 2 and 4) to change the pharmacological parameters of the molecule. This structural modification enables the herbicide to maintain efficacy against weeds at higher leaf stages (3.5 leaf stage or more) while retaining activity against earlier stages, thus expanding the applicable leaf stage range without sacrificing herbicidal reliability
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a composite molecular structure by combining multiple substituent groups (fluorine, chlorine, methyl, and pyrazolyl groups) on the pyrazole core structure. This composite approach results in a herbicide molecule that integrates multiple functional properties, enabling it to effectively control weeds across a broader range of leaf stages compared to simpler pyrazole derivatives
2Adaptability or versatility
If pyrazole derivatives such as Pyrazolate, Pyrazoxyfen, or Benzofenap are used, then a wide range of weeds can be controlled, but efficacy against paddy weeds of higher leaf stages is inadequate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent systematically varies the substituent parameters on the pyrazole ring structure, specifically introducing electron-withdrawing groups (fluorine and chlorine atoms) at strategic positions. This parameter optimization changes the molecular properties to enhance binding affinity to the target enzyme in weeds at higher leaf stages, thereby improving efficacy while maintaining the broad-spectrum activity characteristic of pyrazole derivatives
3Reliability
If ALS inhibitors are used to control weeds, then many weeds can be controlled, but weeds exhibiting resistance to ALS inhibitors cannot be controlled
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a new class of herbicides with a pyrazolylpyrazole core structure that acts as an intermediary mechanism between existing herbicide modes of action. This novel structure interacts with different target sites or metabolic pathways in weeds, providing effective control against ALS inhibitor-resistant biotypes while maintaining activity against susceptible weeds, thus bridging the gap left by resistant populations
4Adaptability or versatility
If Glyphosate Isopropylamine Salt is used to control farmland weeds, then a wide range of effects are achieved, but problems arise regarding efficacy against resistant weeds
Solution Approach 1:
Instead of attempting to improve glyphosate's properties, the patent inverts the approach by developing a completely different molecular class (pyrazolylpyrazole derivatives) with a novel mode of action. This inversion strategy bypasses the resistance mechanism that has rendered glyphosate ineffective against certain weed biotypes, while maintaining broad-spectrum activity through the unique structural features of the new compound class
Data Source
AI summary
Provided is a compound capable of effectively control worst weeds of higher leaf stages that present practical problems. A specific pyrazolylpyrazole derivative of formula (I) is disclosed that is able to solve the above-mentioned problems.