Pyridine Thioamide Fungicides for Selective Broad-Spectrum Control
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Solution Overview
Problem
There is a need for new compounds that are effective against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic microorganisms, such as fungi, with low toxicity, high selectivity, and can be used at low application rates while preventing the emergence of resistances.
Innovation Solution
Development of pyridine (thio)amide compounds with specific structural variations, including substituents on the benzylcarboxamide and pyridine rings, which can be used in compositions for controlling phytopathogenic fungi.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If new compounds are developed to be effective against a broad spectrum of phytopathogenic microorganisms, then the efficacy against fungi is improved, but the complexity of compound development and structural variations increases
Solution Approach 1:
The compound structure is divided into distinct functional segments: a pyridine ring system, a carboxamide linkage, and variable substituent positions (R1-R6). This segmentation allows independent optimization of each segment for antifungal activity while maintaining overall molecular functionality.
Solution Approach 2:
Specific substituent groups are placed at defined positions on the pyridine ring and benzylcarboxamide moiety to enhance antifungal activity. The local chemical environment at each substituent position is optimized to target specific phytopathogenic fungi while maintaining selectivity.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If compounds are designed with low toxicity and high selectivity, then the safety profile is improved, but the difficulty of achieving broad-spectrum effectiveness increases
Solution Approach 1:
The pyridine carboxamide core structure serves multiple functions: it provides the basic antifungal activity, allows for selective targeting through substituents, and maintains low toxicity. This universal scaffold can be adapted to target different phytopathogenic fungi while preserving the safety profile.
Solution Approach 2:
The toxicity and selectivity parameters are optimized by varying substituents at specific positions on the pyridine ring. By changing the chemical parameters (substituent type, position, and configuration), the compound achieves broad-spectrum effectiveness while maintaining low toxicity through precise molecular design.
3Productivity
If compounds are optimized for high selectivity and low application rates, then the efficiency is improved, but the risk of resistance development increases
Solution Approach 1:
Multiple compounds with varying substituent parameters are developed to create a chemically diverse group. This parameter variation allows rotation between compounds with different molecular characteristics, reducing the likelihood of resistance development while maintaining high efficiency at low application rates.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent develops composite formulations containing multiple pyridine carboxamide derivatives with different substituent patterns. This composite approach combines compounds with complementary activity profiles, making it more difficult for phytopathogenic fungi to develop resistance while maintaining high efficiency.
Data Source
AI summary
The present disclosure relates to pyridine (thio)amide compounds, processes and intermediates for their preparation as well as the uses thereof for controlling phytopathogenic microorganisms, such as phytopathogenic fungi.