Stereoisomeric Pyridyl Compounds Avoiding Cytochrome P450 Metabolism
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Solution Overview
Problem
Cisapride derivatives face adverse effects such as cardiac arrhythmias, QT prolongation, and drug interactions due to hepatic cytochrome P-450 metabolism, limiting their safety and efficacy as gastrointestinal prokinetic agents for conditions like gastroesophageal reflux disease and gastric emptying disorders.
Innovation Solution
Development of stereoisomeric, functional and/or structural analogs of cisapride with an ester moiety that degrades via serum and/or cytosolic esterases, avoiding the cytochrome P450 detoxification system and reducing adverse effects.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If cisapride derivatives are used to treat gastrointestinal disorders, then therapeutic efficacy is improved, but cardiac arrhythmias and QT prolongation occur
Solution Approach 1:
The patent modifies the chemical structure of cisapride derivatives by changing parameters such as introducing pyridyl or pyridonyl groups at specific positions, adjusting molecular weight, and modifying functional groups to alter the pharmacological profile while reducing cardiac toxicity
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs ester moieties that are designed to be rapidly degraded by esterases in the body, creating short-lived active compounds that minimize accumulation and reduce the risk of long-term cardiac effects, while still providing sufficient therapeutic action
2Quantity of substance
If cisapride derivatives are metabolized by hepatic cytochrome P-450, then drug elimination is achieved, but drug interactions and toxicity increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent extracts or removes the problematic cytochrome P-450 metabolism pathway by designing compounds with ester moieties that are preferentially degraded by esterases, thereby eliminating the source of harmful drug interactions and toxicity associated with P-450 metabolism
Solution Approach 2:
The patent introduces ester moieties as intermediary structures that serve as degradation intermediates, being rapidly hydrolyzed by esterases into inactive metabolites, thereby preventing the formation of toxic P-450 metabolites and reducing drug interactions
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The stereoisomeric compounds provide effective treatment for gastrointestinal disorders with reduced side effects and toxicity, maintaining therapeutic benefits while being susceptible to rapid degradation, thus minimizing drug interactions and cardiac risks.
Implementation Method 1
with an ester moiety that degrades via serum and/or cytosolic esterases, avoiding the cytochrome P450 detoxification system
Data Source
AI summary
The subject invention provides stereoisomeric compounds of formulae (Xa) and (Xb); wherein the variables are as defined herein, and compositions for the safe and effective treatment of various gastrointestinal disorders including, but not limited to, gastroparesis, gastroesophageal reflux and related conditions. The compounds of the subject invention are also useful in treating a variety of conditions involving the central nervous system.