Pyrotechnic Phase-Shorting Switch for Electric Machine Discharge

Resolve Bottlenecks,
Find Innovative Solutions
Generate Solutions

Solution Overview

Problem

Existing pyrotechnic safety circuits for electric machines are complex and elaborate in design, requiring multiple pyrotechnic switching elements and additional design efforts for voltage equalization between individual phases.

Innovation Solution

A pyrotechnic switching element with at least three electrical connections, each for a phase conductor, uses a bridging element that short-circuits the conductors as a common neutral point, simplifying the design and ensuring stable electrical contact.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If multiple pyrotechnic switching elements are used to discharge three phases of an electric machine, then the safety function is achieved, but the design complexity and elaborateness increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesafety functionVSAvoiddesign complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent merges multiple pyrotechnic switching elements into a single integrated element with multiple electrical connections (at least three). This single element can simultaneously discharge multiple phases of an electric machine, eliminating the need for separate switching elements for each phase and thereby reducing design complexity while maintaining safety functionality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The pyrotechnic switching element is designed with multi-functionality to handle multiple phases. The element includes at least three electrical connections for connecting to phase conductors with different phases, allowing one element to perform the safety function across all phases simultaneously, thus reducing the overall number of components needed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Reliability

If voltage equalization between individual phases is implemented, then the safety circuit functions correctly, but additional design effort is required

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage equalizationVSAvoiddesign effort
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSEase of manufacture

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements voltage equalization by providing a common connection point that connects all phase conductors together. This common connection point ensures that all phases are at the same potential during discharge, achieving voltage equalization automatically without requiring complex additional design efforts for each phase connection.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #12Equipotentiality

3Reliability

If the bridging element creates a common neutral point for phase conductors, then voltage equalization is achieved, but the electrical resistance values must be precisely controlled

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvevoltage equalizationVSAvoidelectrical resistance control
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSManufacturing precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent specifies parameter ranges for electrical resistance values (e.g., ≤10 milliohms, or more strictly ≤5 milliohms or 0.1 to 5 milliohms) to ensure proper voltage equalization. By defining acceptable parameter ranges rather than requiring exact values, the design achieves reliability while maintaining practical manufacturability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution reduces design complexity and ensures reliable, stable electrical short-circuiting, minimizing neutral point voltage and electrical load, allowing a single pyrotechnic switching element to discharge multiple phase lines effectively.

Implementation Method 1

at least one pyrotechnic charge, and with a bridging element which, in an initial position before ignition of the pyrotechnic charge, is arranged spaced apart from the conductors and, in a bridging position after ignition of the pyrotechnic charge, is in electrical contact with the conductors

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPyrotechnic charge ignition: Combustion

Data Source

PatentEP4679474A1Pyrotechnic switching element and its use, electric machine therewith, vehicle with switching element or electric machine and method for discharging with this switching element
Publication Date: 2026.01.14 MIBA RESISTORS AUSTRIA GMBH
  • EP4679474A1 patent drawingFigure 1~3
  • EP4679474A1 patent drawingFigure 2~4
  • EP4679474A1 patent drawingFigure 5~6

AI summary

A pyrotechnic switching element (1) is shown. In order to be able to actively short-circuit an electric machine in a stable manner, it is proposed that the pyrotechnic switching element (1) has at least three electrical connections, each for a phase line (L1, L2, L3) with phases offset from each other, and that the bridging element (6) in the bridging position (7b) electrically short-circuits the current conductors (4a, 4b, 4c) as a common neutral point (S) for the phase lines (L1, L2, L3).