Embedding QR Codes in Video Images via Pixel Intensity Optimization
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing methods for embedding two-dimensional codes, such as QR codes, into graphical content consume additional space and may detract from the aesthetic appeal of the content, while also requiring separate locations for decoding, which is inefficient.
Innovation Solution
The method embeds QR matrix codes into graphic representations by modifying intensity values of elements in the graphics using an optimization procedure that minimizes visual distortion and maintains error probability within specified limits, utilizing halftoning masks and priority matrices to select and modify pixels, thereby integrating the codes seamlessly with the graphical content.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Ease of operation
If a two dimensional code is placed separately from graphical content, then decoding efficiency is improved, but space utilization and aesthetic quality deteriorate
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the two dimensional code with the graphical content by embedding the code data into the pixel intensity values of the image. This integration allows the code and graphical content to occupy the same space, eliminating the need for separate locations while maintaining both decoding functionality and visual quality.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent embeds the two dimensional code structure within the graphical content by nesting the code data into the image pixels. The code information is hidden within the existing graphical structure, allowing one element (code) to be contained within another (graphical content) without requiring additional space.
2Area of stationary object
If a two dimensional code is embedded into graphical content, then space utilization is improved, but visual distortion and aesthetic quality worsen
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies local quality by selectively modifying only certain pixels in the graphical content to embed the two dimensional code. Not all pixels are changed, and the modifications are localized to specific regions, preserving the overall visual quality while embedding the code data in discrete locations throughout the image.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes pixel intensity parameters to embed the two dimensional code data. By modifying the intensity values of selected pixels rather than their positions or other properties, the code is embedded with minimal visual impact, as intensity changes can be made subtle while still encoding the required information.
3Adaptability or versatility
If pixel intensity values are modified to embed QR code, then code integration is improved, but decoding accuracy may worsen
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses partial action by modifying only a subset of pixels rather than all pixels in the image. This selective modification approach allows the code to be embedded while leaving sufficient unmodified or minimally modified pixels to maintain the visual quality and provide reference points for accurate decoding.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent incorporates feedback mechanisms in the form of synchronization patterns and timing information embedded within the modified pixel values. These feedback elements allow the decoding system to verify and correct the embedded code data, ensuring decoding accuracy despite the intensity modifications applied to embed the code.
Data Source
AI summary
Disclosed are a method and apparatus for embedding a graphic representation into a two dimensional matrix code by modifying the luminance of individual pixels in the image according the values of a provided QR code image. The modified luminance values are determined by an optimization procedure which minimizes a visual distortion metric with respect to the original graphic representation while maintaining the value of a model for the probability of decoding and detection error below a specified limit.