Quadrature Coupler Tuning Networks for Wider Bandwidth

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional quadrature couplers have limited bandwidth and are not adjustable, making them inadequate for compensating for component value variability and age-related drift in wireless communication systems.

Innovation Solution

The proposed quadrature coupler includes first, second, third, and fourth ports, along with inductors and capacitors arranged in specific series and parallel configurations. This design incorporates variable tuning networks with switchable capacitors or non-linear reactance components to adjust the coupling factor, enabling wider bandwidth and adaptability.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Duration of action of moving object

If conventional quadrature coupler design is used, then the device structure is simple, but the bandwidth is limited

Engineering Contradiction:
ImprovebandwidthVSAvoiddevice structure
Core Design Contradiction:
Duration of action of moving objectVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces variable tuning networks with switchable capacitors that allow dynamic adjustment of the coupling factor and resonant frequencies. This dynamic capability enables the coupler to maintain optimal performance across a wider bandwidth by adapting to different operating conditions, directly resolving the bandwidth limitation of conventional fixed-structure couplers.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the electrical parameters of the coupler by incorporating variable capacitors that can alter the resonant frequencies and coupling factor. By adjusting these parameters, the coupler achieves wider bandwidth operation while maintaining the basic structural framework, thus improving bandwidth without proportionally increasing device complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Reliability

If conventional quadrature coupler design is used, then the device is simple to manufacture, but it cannot compensate for component value variability and age-related drift

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveperformance consistencyVSAvoidadjustability mechanism
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent incorporates tuning networks that enable feedback-based adjustment of the coupling factor and resonant frequencies. This allows the system to detect and compensate for component value variations and drift over time, maintaining reliable performance by actively adjusting parameters based on actual operating conditions rather than relying solely on initial component precision.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

By making the coupler adjustable through variable capacitors and tuning networks, the system can dynamically adapt to component aging and variability. This dynamic adjustment capability ensures long-term performance consistency, resolving the reliability issue caused by fixed conventional designs that cannot compensate for component drift.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

3Adaptability or versatility

If adjustable quadrature coupler with variable tuning networks is added, then the coupling factor can be tuned, but the device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecoupling factor adjustabilityVSAvoidnumber of components
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The variable tuning networks serve multiple functions: they adjust the coupling factor, tune resonant frequencies, and compensate for component variations. By making these components multi-functional, the patent achieves high adaptability without proportionally increasing device complexity, as the same adjustable elements perform multiple critical functions simultaneously.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Data Source

PatentEP4510449A1Quadrature couplers and methods of operation
Publication Date: 2025.02.19 NXP USA INC
  • EP4510449A1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4510449A1 patent drawingFigure 2A~2B
  • EP4510449A1 patent drawingFigure 2C~3A

AI summary

A quadrature coupler includes four ports, four inductors, and six capacitors. The first through third capacitors are coupled in series between the first and fourth ports. A first intermediate node is between the first and second capacitors. A second intermediate node is between the second and third capacitors. The fourth through sixth capacitors are coupled in series between the second and third ports. A third intermediate node is between the fourth and fifth capacitors, and a fourth intermediate node is between the fifth and sixth capacitors. The first inductor is coupled between the first and second ports. The second inductor is coupled between the first and third intermediate nodes. The third inductor is coupled between the second and fourth intermediate nodes. The fourth inductor is coupled between the fourth and third ports. Variable tuning networks may be coupled between the first and fourth ports and the second and third ports.