Quadrature Injection Locking for Ring Oscillator Phase Synchronization

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing ring oscillator technologies face challenges in accurately synchronizing their natural frequency with an external signal, leading to phase errors in clock signals, which affects the reliability of clock data recovery and distribution in integrated circuits.

Innovation Solution

The implementation of quadrature-based injection locking, where an external signal is injected into a ring oscillator with multiple inverters, and phase signals are measured to determine a mean quadrature error (MQE), which is then used to generate a control signal to adjust the natural frequency of the ring oscillator, reducing the frequency difference and minimizing phase errors.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If traditional injection locking is used to synchronize ring oscillator frequency with external signal, then frequency synchronization is achieved, but phase errors remain due to inability to accurately detect and correct quadrature phase differences

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvephase detection accuracyVSAvoidclock signal reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a feedback mechanism where the quadrature phase detector continuously monitors the phase difference between the ring oscillator output and external signal, generates an error signal, and feeds it back to the frequency tuner to adjust the oscillator frequency. This closed-loop feedback system enables accurate phase detection and correction, resolving the contradiction between measurement precision and reliability by ensuring both accurate phase measurement and reliable clock signal output through continuous adjustment.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces traditional mechanical or simple electronic frequency tuning mechanisms with a sophisticated digital control system comprising a quadrature phase detector, frequency tuner, and feedback loop. This substitution enables precise phase detection and frequency adjustment by using digital signal processing to calculate quadrature phase errors and generate appropriate correction signals, thereby achieving both high measurement precision and signal reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Device complexity

If the ring oscillator operates at its natural frequency, then the circuit structure is simple, but phase errors occur when synchronizing with external signals

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveoscillator circuit complexityVSAvoidphase synchronization accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces a quadrature phase detector and frequency tuner as intermediary components between the simple ring oscillator and the external signal source. These intermediaries enable the oscillator to synchronize with external signals by detecting phase differences and adjusting frequency accordingly, thereby maintaining the simplicity of the core oscillator circuit while achieving high phase synchronization accuracy through the mediating control system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

3Reliability

If frequency adjustment is made to synchronize with external signal, then phase synchronization improves, but frequency drift and instability may occur

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvephase synchronization reliabilityVSAvoidfrequency stability
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs a stable feedback loop where the quadrature phase detector continuously monitors phase alignment and the frequency tuner makes incremental adjustments only when necessary. This feedback mechanism maintains frequency stability by avoiding excessive or erratic adjustments, while still achieving reliable phase synchronization through controlled, data-driven frequency tuning based on actual phase error measurements.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Data Source

PatentEP3072237B1Quadrature-based injection locking of ring oscillators
Publication Date: 2018.09.26 CALIFORNIA INST OF TECH
  • EP3072237B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3072237B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3072237B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

Technologies are generally described for quadrature -based injection- locking of ring oscillators. In some examples, an external signal may be injected into a ring oscillator. Phase signals may be measured from within the ring oscillator and used to determine a mean quadrature error (MQE) that characterizes the difference in frequency between the external signal and the ring oscillator's natural frequency. A control signal may then be generated from the MQE and used to adjust the ring oscillator natural frequency to reduce the difference between the ring oscillator natural frequency and the external signal.