Quadtree Location Addressing for GSM-R Dispatch

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current location-dependent addressing systems in GSM-R networks lack precision, as cell identifiers are insufficient for identifying specific locations within large areas like train stations, where multiple dispatchers are needed for different tracks, requiring more detailed location information.

Innovation Solution

The implementation of a quadtree-based lookup method that uses GPS coordinates and cell identifiers to determine the appropriate dispatcher by storing hierarchical spatial representations, allowing for precise location-dependent addressing and efficient connection setup.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If cell identifier is used for location information, then the system is simple to operate, but the location precision is insufficient for large areas like train stations

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelocation precisionVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The service area is divided into multiple zones, each with its own quadtree data structure. The system segments the lookup process by first determining which zone the caller is in based on cell identifier, then performing quadtree lookup within that specific zone. This segmentation allows precise location identification within large areas while keeping each individual quadtree manageable in size.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent transitions from two-dimensional spatial representation to a hierarchical multi-dimensional structure by introducing zones as an additional layer. The system now operates in three dimensions: zone level, quadtree level, and node level. This dimensional expansion enables precise location addressing in large areas without proportionally increasing overall system complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #17Another dimension (Dimensionality change)

2Measurement precision

If more detailed location information is transmitted through the network, then location precision is improved, but network traffic and processing overhead increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelocation precisionVSAvoidnetwork traffic
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSQuantity of substance

Solution Approach 1:

The system performs preliminary action by pre-building quadtree data structures that encode zone boundaries and dispatcher assignments. During call setup, the system uses the existing cell identifier to quickly determine the relevant zone, then performs an efficient quadtree lookup within that zone. This preliminary structuring of data allows precise location identification without transmitting large amounts of raw location information through the network.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent extracts only the necessary location information (zone identifier and quadtree path) needed to identify the appropriate dispatcher, rather than transmitting complete GPS coordinates or detailed location data. This extraction approach achieves precise location-dependent addressing while minimizing network traffic and processing overhead.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #2Taking out (Extraction)

3Measurement precision

If GPS coordinates are collected and transmitted, then location precision is improved, but call setup time increases due to additional processing

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvelocation precisionVSAvoidcall setup time
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The system uses self-service by leveraging the cell identifier that is already available in the call setup request. Instead of requiring separate GPS collection and processing, the system performs zone determination and dispatcher identification using the existing cell identifier information. This self-service approach achieves precise location-dependent addressing without adding GPS collection overhead to call setup time.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

4Adaptability or versatility

If multiple different communication standards are used in a railroad yard, then specific functions can be optimized for each standard, but system complexity and interoperability difficulties increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvefunctional adaptabilityVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements universality by creating a location-dependent addressing system that works across all GSM-R communications regardless of the specific application or dispatcher type. The quadtree data structures and lookup mechanism provide a universal framework that can serve various railroad communication functions (dispatching, maintenance, operations, etc.) through a single standardized interface, eliminating the need for multiple different communication standards while maintaining functional versatility.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Data Source

PatentEP1771025B1Location dependent adressing for GSM-R systems
Publication Date: 2013.03.13 KAPSCH CARRIERCOM FRANCE
  • EP1771025B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP1771025B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP1771025B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A system and method for performing location dependent addressing is provided suitable for use in GSM-R systems. A quadtree is used to store jurisdiction information as a function of location, for example GPS location. When a call is received that contains location information, it is processed by looking up the jurisdiction using the quadtree, and by then establishing a connection to the appropriate destination.