Quantum Annealing Schedules With Inhomogeneous Driving Fields

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing quantum annealing technologies face challenges in controlling the dynamics of disordered quantum systems, leading to smeared phase transitions and exponentially long annealing times due to Griffiths effects, which violate adiabaticity conditions and result in domain walls and topological defects.

Innovation Solution

Implementing inhomogeneous quantum annealing schedules with spatially-induced gaps between low and high energy states, using multi-critical-fronts to synchronize local phase transitions in space and time, ensuring effective control over quantum phase transitions in disordered systems.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Productivity

If homogeneous quantum annealing schedules are used, then the system evolves according to standard adiabatic quantum annealing, but the annealing time becomes exponentially long due to Griffiths effects and smeared phase transitions in disordered systems

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveannealing speedVSAvoidsolution quality
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies local quality by introducing spatially varying transverse field strengths across different regions of the quantum system. Each region experiences a locally optimized annealing schedule that accounts for its specific disorder characteristics, allowing faster evolution through critical regions while maintaining adiabaticity where needed. This local optimization resolves the contradiction by enabling region-specific speedups without compromising overall solution quality.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #3Local quality

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements dynamics by making the transverse field schedule time-dependent and adaptive. The field strength evolves dynamically according to a protocol that accelerates through regions where the instantaneous gap is large while slowing down near critical points. This dynamic adjustment allows the system to achieve both fast annealing and high solution quality by adapting the evolution rate to the instantaneous state of the system.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Loss of time

If the transverse field changes rapidly, then annealing time is reduced, but adiabaticity conditions are violated leading to domain walls and topological defects

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveannealing timeVSAvoidadiabaticity maintenance
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of timeVSStability of the object's composition

Solution Approach 1:

The patent employs periodic action through a multi-stage annealing protocol that alternates between acceleration phases and pause phases. During acceleration phases, the transverse field changes rapidly to reduce annealing time. During pause phases, the evolution slows down to maintain adiabaticity and allow the system to relax into the ground state. This periodic modulation resolves the contradiction by balancing speed and stability across different time intervals.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #19Periodic action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent applies preliminary action by preparing the system with an initial transverse field configuration that anticipates upcoming critical regions. Before the system encounters a region with small instantaneous gap, the annealing schedule pre-slowing occurs, allowing the system to maintain adiabaticity in advance. This preliminary adjustment prevents domain wall formation without requiring the entire annealing process to be slow.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Productivity

If inhomogeneous transverse field schedules are applied, then effective gaps are created between energy states reducing annealing time, but the system complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveannealing efficiencyVSAvoidcontrol schedule complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
ProductivityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent applies segmentation by dividing the quantum system into multiple regions or stages, each with its own optimized transverse field schedule. This segmentation allows the complex control problem to be broken down into simpler sub-problems that can be independently optimized and then combined. The overall inhomogeneous schedule emerges from the composition of these simpler regional schedules, resolving the contradiction between efficiency and complexity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This approach ensures efficient and accurate solution approximation by creating controlled gaps between energy states, reducing annealing time scales and improving the quality of solutions in disordered quantum systems.

Implementation Method 1

The amplitudes of all candidate states change according to the time-dependent strength of a transverse field, which causes quantum tunneling between states.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectQuantum tunneling:

Implementation Method 2

In adiabatic quantum annealing, the system stays close to the ground state of the instantaneous Hamiltonian if the rate of change of the transverse-field is slow enough.

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAdiabatic evolution:

Implementation Method 3

The system evolves following the time-dependent Schrödinger equation. The amplitudes of all candidate states change according to the time-dependent strength of a transverse field

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectSchrödinger equation evolution:

Data Source

PatentEP3732634B1Inhomogeneous quantum annealing schedules
Publication Date: 2025.11.05 GOOGLE LLC
  • EP3732634B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3732634B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3732634B1 patent drawingFigure 2

AI summary

Methods and apparatus for performing quantum annealing using a quantum system. In one aspect, a method includes controlling the quantum system such that a total Hamiltonian characterizing the quantum system evolves from an initial quantum Hamiltonian to a problem quantum Hamiltonian, wherein controlling the quantum system comprises applying an inhomogeneous driving field to the quantum system to drive the quantum system across a quantum phase transition.