Quantum Challenge-Response Authentication Against Relay Attacks

Resolve Bottlenecks,
Find Innovative Solutions
Generate Solutions

Solution Overview

Problem

Existing authentication systems are vulnerable to relay attacks, which allow attackers to relay authentication requests and responses over long distances, compromising the proximity-based security of keyless systems.

Innovation Solution

Implementing quantum communication channels using photon-based communication for authentication challenges and responses, combined with non-quantum channels, to ensure that only proximal entities can successfully complete the authentication process, thereby detecting and preventing relay attacks.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Ease of operation

If radio waves are used for authentication communication, then ease of operation is improved, but vulnerability to relay attacks increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveauthentication processVSAvoidproximity-based security
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces an intermediary verification mechanism using electromagnetic field characteristics as a mediator between the communicating devices. The system measures and verifies field properties (impedance, coupling coefficient, resonant frequency) that change predictably with distance, creating an intermediate layer of verification that prevents relay attacks while maintaining radio wave communication convenience.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Reliability

If distance bounding protocols are implemented, then reliability of proximity verification is improved, but processing delays increase

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveproximity verificationVSAvoidauthentication time
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSLoss of time

Solution Approach 1:

The patent performs preliminary characterization of the electromagnetic field properties during device pairing or idle states, storing baseline measurements of impedance, coupling coefficients, and resonant frequencies. During actual authentication, the system only needs to compare current measurements against pre-stored baselines, significantly reducing processing time while maintaining reliable proximity verification.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #10Preliminary action

3Measurement precision

If electromagnetic field measurements are performed, then measurement precision of device proximity is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedevice proximityVSAvoidmeasurement system
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent leverages the existing electromagnetic field components already present in radio communication devices (antennas, transmitters, receivers) to perform proximity measurements. The same hardware used for communication also serves as the measurement apparatus by monitoring field coupling, impedance changes, and resonant frequency shifts, eliminating the need for separate dedicated measurement hardware.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The method effectively prevents relay attacks by ensuring that only devices in close proximity can authenticate, maintaining the security integrity of keyless systems and other applications.

Implementation Method 1

at least one of the authentication challenge or authentication response is encoded as a sequence of qubits and delivered over a quantum communication channel between the verifying device and the responding device

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectQuantum communication:

Data Source

PatentEP4101119B1Methods for performing an authentication procedure and for message exchange
Publication Date: 2025.10.08 TELEFONAKTIEBOLAGET LM ERICSSON (PUBL)
  • EP4101119B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP4101119B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP4101119B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A method (100) for performing an authentication procedure between a verifying device and a responding device is disclosed, the verifying and responding devices being provisioned with security credentials. The method, performed by the verifying device, comprises generating an authentication challenge (110), delivering the authentication challenge to the responding device (120), receiving an authentication response from the responding device (130), and verifying the authentication response (140). According to the method, at least one of the authentication challenge or authentication response is encoded as a sequence of qubits and delivered over a quantum communication channel between the verifying device and the responding device (120A, 120B, 130A, 130B). Also disclosed are methods for delivering and receiving a message over a quantum communication channel, and devices for performing authentication and message exchange methods.