Quantum Cipher Using Phase Inversion for Secure Data Transmission
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Solution Overview
Problem
Classical encryption methods, such as block ciphers, are prone to attacks due to key reuse and lack of security, while quantum key distribution offers a secure solution but is impractical for large data transmission.
Innovation Solution
A quantum cipher that encodes messages into the relative phase of a quantum state using a shared key via BB84 or similar protocols, ensuring secure transmission by exploiting the unclonability and unmeasurability of quantum states, employing Hadamard transformation and multiple phase inversion operations.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If quantum key distribution (BB84) is used for secure communication, then security against attacks is improved, but practicality for large data transmission deteriorates
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the encryption process into two parts: (1) using BB84 quantum key distribution to establish a shared secret key, and (2) using that key with a Hadamard cipher to encrypt large volumes of data. This segmentation allows the secure but slow quantum protocol to be used only for key establishment, while the faster classical Hadamard cipher handles bulk data transmission.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies preliminary action by pre-establishing the quantum shared key through BB84 before actual data transmission begins. This preliminary quantum key establishment enables subsequent efficient encryption of large datasets using the Hadamard cipher, combining the security of quantum methods with the efficiency needed for practical large-scale communication.
2Productivity
If block ciphers with key reuse are used for efficient data transmission, then productivity is improved, but security deteriorates due to vulnerability to attacks
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces the traditional mechanical block cipher key management system with a quantum-based key distribution mechanism. Instead of relying on classical key exchange protocols, the system uses quantum mechanics (BB84 protocol) to establish keys, thereby substituting a fundamentally more secure mechanism while maintaining the efficiency of block cipher operations.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the fundamental parameter of key security by transitioning from classical to quantum key distribution. This parameter change enables the system to achieve both high efficiency (through reusable encryption keys) and high security (through quantum-mechanically secured key establishment that is immune to certain classical attacks).
3Reliability
If one-time pad encryption is used for unbreakable security, then reliability is improved, but device complexity and key management deteriorate due to single-use key requirement
Solution Approach 1:
The patent makes the quantum-established key serve multiple functions: it is used both for encrypting data and for verifying authentication tokens. This multi-functionality reduces the need for separate key management systems while maintaining the security properties of one-time pad encryption, thereby reducing complexity without sacrificing reliability.
Data Source
AI summary
Methods, systems and computer readable media are disclosed for providing a quantum cipher based on phase inversion, A shared key is established between a first party and a second party. A Hadamard transformation is applied to a message intended for a second party from the first party to produce an equal superposition state. A key phase inversion is applied to the output of the Hadamard transformation. A multiple phase inversion transformation is applied to the output of the key phase inversion to produce an encrypted quantum state with a uniform probability and relative phase distributions. The result is sent to the second party.