Quantum Random Circuit Oracle for Verifiable Blockchain Randomness
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing blockchain systems face challenges in generating and verifying trustworthy random numbers due to potential manipulation by miners and the lack of a reliable source verification, which is crucial for decentralized applications like Web3 games, lotteries, and non-fungible tokens.
Innovation Solution
A blockchain-based certified random function using a quantum random circuit generator, where a smart contract deploys pseudorandom quantum circuits to a quantum randomness source, enforces authenticity through time limits, and uses a compute node network for certification, ensuring the integrity of random bit sequences.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If miners generate random numbers using block hash, then random numbers can be generated within the blockchain system, but miners can manipulate the outcome by choosing to include or discard random numbers
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces a quantum randomness source as an intermediary that generates random numbers outside the blockchain. This quantum source acts as a trusted mediator that miners cannot manipulate, as the randomness is generated quantum mechanically and then incorporated into the blockchain through smart contracts, eliminating miner control over the random number generation process
Solution Approach 2:
The patent replaces the classical cryptographic random number generation (based on block hash) with a quantum mechanical random number generation system. The quantum randomness source uses quantum processes to generate truly random numbers, which are then verified and incorporated into the blockchain, substituting the manipulatable classical system with an unmanipulable quantum system
2Productivity
If random numbers are generated ahead of time, then random number generation is efficient, but random numbers may be visible ahead of time due to slow evolving blockchain
Solution Approach 1:
The patent uses preliminary action by having the quantum randomness source generate random numbers in advance and store them in a secure manner. The smart contract then retrieves these pre-generated random numbers when needed, allowing efficient random number generation without exposing the numbers ahead of time through the blockchain
Solution Approach 2:
The quantum randomness source serves as an intermediary that decouples the generation and revelation of random numbers. It can generate numbers efficiently in advance while maintaining security by only revealing them when the smart contract requests them, preventing premature visibility through the blockchain
3Device complexity
If traditional random number sources are used, then the system is simple to implement, but there is no way to verify the source or determine if the random number had been tampered with
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements feedback by having the smart contract verify the quantum randomness source through multiple mechanisms: checking the quantum proof of randomness, validating the entropy source, and confirming the random numbers were generated according to quantum mechanical principles. This feedback loop ensures the source is trustworthy and the numbers have not been tampered with
Solution Approach 2:
The quantum randomness source acts as a verified intermediary that provides not only random numbers but also cryptographic proofs of their origin and integrity. The smart contract uses these proofs to verify the source, creating a trustworthy chain of custody from quantum generation to blockchain incorporation
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
Provides a fair and tamper-proof method for generating and verifying random numbers, enhancing trust in decentralized systems by leveraging quantum randomness and consensus models.
Implementation Method 1
generating, by the first oracle, a plurality of pseudorandom quantum circuits using the randomness seed; providing, by the first oracle, the plurality of pseudorandom quantum circuits to a quantum randomness source, wherein the quantum randomness source executes the quantum circuits and returns a sequence of random bits
Data Source
AI summary
A method may include: receiving, by a smart contract, a request for a random number and a randomness seed from a user; deploying the request as a transaction that is written on a first block in the decentralized ledger; generating, by an oracle, a plurality of pseudorandom quantum circuits using the randomness seed; providing the plurality of pseudorandom quantum circuits to a quantum randomness source, wherein the quantum randomness source executes the quantum circuits and returns a sequence of random bits to the oracle; writing the sequence of random bits to a new block in the decentralized ledger; hashing the sequence of random bits and a block hash for the new block; and returning the hash of the sequence of random bits and the block hash to the user computer program, wherein the user consumes hash of the sequence of random bits and the block hash.