Quantum Circuit Gauge Selection for Noise Mitigation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Quantum computing systems face challenges in accurately mitigating noise during state measurement, which affects the accuracy of calculations, particularly in noisy-intermediate scale quantum (NISQ) computations.
Innovation Solution
Implementing a single-point full depolarizing error mitigation scheme that uses quantum circuit measurement data and an estimate of circuit fidelity to randomize noise, allowing for improved accuracy without requiring additional sample points, and incorporating randomized circuit gauges to resemble a completely depolarizing channel.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If traditional error mitigation schemes are used, then measurement accuracy can be improved, but the amount of sampling required increases significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the parameter of circuit gauge selection by randomly selecting from multiple equivalent circuit gauges rather than using a fixed gauge. This parameter change allows the system to mitigate noise effects without requiring additional sampling points, thereby improving measurement accuracy while maintaining efficient sampling requirements.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates multiple copies of the quantum circuit by implementing equivalent circuits in different gauges (e.g., Pauli gauge, Heisenberg gauge). These gauge copies allow the system to average out noise effects across multiple representations of the same physical circuit, improving measurement accuracy without requiring additional temporal sampling.
2Measurement precision
If more sampling points are used to reduce noise, then measurement accuracy improves, but computational complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
Instead of increasing the number of sampling points (temporal complexity), the patent changes the parameter of circuit gauge selection. By randomly selecting from multiple equivalent gauges, the system achieves noise mitigation through gauge diversity rather than through increased sampling, thereby reducing computational complexity while maintaining accuracy.
3Measurement precision
If circuit fidelity estimate is used to compensate for noise, then measurement accuracy improves, but reliability of the estimate decreases at high noise levels
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates multiple gauge copies of the quantum circuit and measures observables in each gauge. By averaging the results across different gauges, the system obtains a more reliable estimate that is less sensitive to noise in any single gauge or in the fidelity estimate, thereby improving reliability while maintaining accuracy.
Data Source
AI summary
Systems and methods for quantum error mitigation are provided. A method can include accessing a quantum system; implementing a plurality of quantum circuits; obtaining a plurality of measurements performed for each of the quantum circuits; determining an estimated average value of an observable of interest (O)f for the quantum circuits based at least in part on the plurality of measurements; and determining an estimated noiseless value of an observable of interest (O)ψ based at least in part on the estimated average value of the observable of interest (O)f using a single-point full depolarizing error model. Each of the plurality of quantum circuits can be implemented by a different sequence of quantum gates as compared to each of the other quantum circuits in the plurality to thereby implement one or more circuit gauges and can be an equivalent logical operation as each of the other quantum circuits in the plurality.