Quantum Cryptography Using Multi-Stage Photon Polarization Rotation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Conventional quantum cryptography methods using photon fluxes are vulnerable to beam-splitting and impersonation attacks, allowing third parties to easily acquire information, and are not secure against information leakage.
Innovation Solution
A quantum cryptography method involving multiple stages of polarization rotation of photons or photon fluxes by arbitrary angles, where the transmitter and receiver rotate the polarization of the photon fluxes by different angles at each stage, making it difficult for third parties to determine the polarization values, and using multiple photon fluxes with time delays to prevent information leakage.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If conventional quantum cryptography methods use fixed polarization directions (vertical/horizontal or diagonal), then the decryption process is simple, but third parties can easily determine polarization values through beam-splitting attacks
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies dynamics by making the polarization rotation angle variable rather than fixed. The transmitter randomly selects rotation angles from a predetermined set of angles, and the receiver corresponds with matching rotation angles. This dynamic angle selection prevents third parties from determining polarization values through beam-splitting attacks, as the measurement basis changes with each photon transmission.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the parameter of polarization angle from fixed conventional values (vertical/horizontal or diagonal) to variable values from a predetermined set of angles. This parameter change ensures that even if a third party intercepts photons, they cannot determine the original polarization values because the rotation angles are randomly selected and correspond only between the legitimate transmitter and receiver.
2Reliability
If single photon flux is used for transmission, then the transmission process is simple, but information can be easily acquired by third parties through beam-splitting attacks
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies segmentation by dividing the transmission process into multiple stages: the transmitter rotates polarization angles, transmits photon fluxes, the receiver rotates corresponding angles and transmits back, and the transmitter rotates reverse angles before final transmission. This multi-stage segmented process prevents third parties from acquiring information through beam-splitting attacks, as each stage transforms the polarization state.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent applies preliminary action by having the transmitter and receiver perform polarization rotation and reverse rotation operations before the final information transmission. These preliminary actions transform the photon states in advance, ensuring that even if photons are intercepted during transmission, the original information cannot be extracted without the corresponding rotation angles.
3Measurement precision
If the transmitter and receiver use the same polarization measurement basis, then decryption accuracy is high, but third parties can impersonate either party and acquire all information
Solution Approach 1:
The patent applies asymmetry by creating an asymmetric relationship between the transmitter and receiver through sequential polarization transformations. The transmitter rotates by angle θ, the receiver rotates by angle φ, and the transmitter rotates by -θ. This asymmetric multi-stage transformation ensures that only the legitimate parties with knowledge of the angle sequence can correctly decrypt information, preventing impersonation attacks.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The method effectively prevents information leakage and secure data transmission by making it difficult for third parties to determine the polarization of the photon fluxes, thus securing against beam-splitting, impersonation, and Trojan Horse attacks.
Implementation Method 1
a transmitter rotating a polarization of a single photon or a photon flux by an arbitrary angle θ and transmitting the same to a receiver
Implementation Method 2
the receiver rotating the single photon or the photon flux received from the transmitter by another arbitrary angle φ and transmitting the same to the transmitter
Implementation Method 3
the transmitter rotating the single photon or the photon flux received from the receiver by -θ and then by an angle corresponding to an information bit 0 or 1 and transmitting the same to the receiver
Implementation Method 4
the receiver rotating the single photon or the photon flux received from the transmitter by -φ and finally acquiring an information signal by reading an angle corresponding to an information bit 0 or 1
Data Source
AI summary
A cryptography method using a quantum phenomenon, which performs a multi-staged polarization process between a transmitter and a receiver to prevent a third party from knowing the polarization value of a photon. A transmitter rotates a photon flux by arbitrary angle θ and transmits it to a receiver. The receiver rotates the received photon flux by arbitrary angle φ and transmits it to the transmitter. The transmitter rotates the received photon flux by the reverse angle −θ of an angle, by which the transmitter 10 rotated it, then rotates it by polarization corresponding to an information bit, and transmits it to the receiver which rotates the received photon flux by the reverse angle −φ of an angle, and measures the polarization of the photon flux corresponding to the information bit, and recovers the information bit transmitted by the transmitter. Cryptography information may be transmitted using a plurality of photon fluxes.