Quantum Dot Radiation Source for Radiometric Calibration

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Solution Overview

Problem

Conventional radiometric calibration methods using filament-based lamps and solar diffusers face issues such as heat dissipation, power consumption, reliability, and limited spectral coverage, while existing alternatives like LEDs are not stable over their lifespan and require frequent recalibration due to material degradation.

Innovation Solution

A quantum dot-based radiation source comprising a housing with quantum dots on its inner surface excited by LEDs to emit radiation in a desired wavelength range, integrated with an integrating sphere for uniform radiation distribution, providing a stable and broad-spectrum calibration source.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Adaptability or versatility

If filament-based lamps are used for radiometric calibration, then broad spectral coverage is achieved, but heat dissipation and power consumption increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespectral coverageVSAvoidheat dissipation
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent changes the operating parameters from high-temperature filament operation to low-temperature quantum dot excitation. Quantum dots are excited by LEDs at room temperature or slightly elevated temperatures, dramatically reducing heat dissipation while maintaining broad spectral coverage through quantum confinement effects that allow tuning of emission wavelengths.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the mechanical-thermal system (heated filament) with an optical system (LED excitation of quantum dots). Instead of heating a filament to generate broad spectrum radiation, LEDs excite quantum dots optically, eliminating the need for high-temperature operation and associated heat dissipation problems.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

2Adaptability or versatility

If filament-based lamps are used for radiometric calibration, then broad spectral coverage is achieved, but device reliability decreases due to filament degradation

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvespectral coverageVSAvoidsource stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the fragile mechanical filament system with a solid-state quantum dot system. Quantum dots are semiconductor nanocrystals that lack the mechanical weaknesses of filaments, eliminating evaporation, oxidation, and mechanical failure modes. The system is enclosed in a sealed housing with optical coupling, further protecting against environmental degradation.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent uses composite material structures: quantum dots are embedded in a matrix material (such as polymer or glass) that provides mechanical support and environmental protection. The housing may include multiple layers with different functions (optical windows, thermal management, structural support), creating a composite system that enhances overall reliability.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #40Composite materials

3Reliability

If LEDs are used for radiometric calibration, then stability is improved, but spectral coverage is limited to narrow wavelength ranges

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesource stabilityVSAvoidspectral coverage
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSAdaptability or versatility

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the spectral coverage function across multiple quantum dot types with different bandgaps. Instead of relying on a single LED wavelength, the system uses several LEDs emitting at different wavelengths, each exciting a specific quantum dot layer or size distribution, collectively covering the desired spectral range through additive combination.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent changes the quantum dot parameter (size, composition, shell structure) to tune emission wavelengths. By controlling quantum dot size (quantum confinement effect) and material composition (different semiconductor compounds), the system achieves broad spectral coverage from individual LEDs, transforming the narrow emission limitation into a tunable advantage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

4Ease of operation

If solar diffusers are used for radiometric calibration, then calibration is achieved using natural light, but reliability decreases due to material degradation and contamination

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvecalibration simplicityVSAvoiddiffuser stability
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces the passive solar diffuser system with an active quantum dot radiation source. Instead of relying on external sunlight that must be diffused and redirected, the quantum dot system generates its own calibration radiation internally, eliminating degradation from UV exposure, contamination from environmental factors, and mechanical issues with diffuser surfaces.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The quantum dot system is self-contained and self-sufficient, generating its own calibration radiation without requiring external sunlight or environmental conditions. The system includes its own excitation source (LEDs) and radiation generation mechanism (quantum dots), making it independent of external factors that could cause degradation or operational issues.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The quantum dot-based radiation source offers a stable, efficient, and reliable calibration solution that covers a broad spectral range, reducing the need for frequent recalibration and addressing the limitations of existing methods by providing a consistent photon flux for accurate detector calibration.

Implementation Method 1

a radiation excitation source in optical communication with the housing and configured to output radiation to excite the plurality of quantum dots to emit radiation in a desired wavelength range

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPhotoluminescence: Photoluminescence

Data Source

PatentEP2280255B1Quantum dot based radiation source and radiometric calibrator using the same
Publication Date: 2017.09.20 RAYTHEON CO
  • EP2280255B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2280255B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2280255B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

In one embodiment, a quantum dot based radiation source includes a housing having a wall defining a cavity therein, a plurality of quantum dots disposed on an inner surface of the wall of the housing, and a radiation excitation source in optical communication with the housing and configured to output radiation to excite the plurality of quantum dots to emit radiation in a desired wavelength range. The quantum dot based radiation source can be used in a calibration system or calibrator, for example to calibrate a detector.