Quantum Key Distribution via Load Node and Intermediate Nodes
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current quantum key distribution methods face limitations in distance, particularly in optical fiber networks and free space optical connections, where transmission loss and direct line of sight issues hinder secure key distribution, especially beyond a few kilometers and to locations without optical ground stations.
Innovation Solution
An entanglement-based quantum key distribution method using a load node that establishes optical wireless communication between nodes, enabling secure key generation and transmission across long distances through entangled particles, with intermediate nodes facilitating secure key agreement and transmission via pre-shared quantum keys.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If optical fiber networks are used for quantum key distribution, then secure key transmission is achieved, but transmission distance is limited to only a few kilometers due to transmission loss
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces trusted intermediate nodes that act as mediators to receive, store, and forward quantum keys between distant parties. These intermediate nodes enable long-distance quantum key distribution by breaking the transmission path into shorter segments, each managed by a trusted node, thus overcoming the distance limitation of optical fiber networks while maintaining security through controlled key distribution.
2Length of stationary object
If free space optical connections are used to extend distance, then transmission range is increased, but direct line of sight problems occur due to Earth's curvature
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from ground-based horizontal free space optical connections to satellite-based three-dimensional connections. By utilizing satellites in orbit, the system achieves quantum key distribution to distant locations without being constrained by Earth's curvature, as satellites provide a different spatial dimension for transmission that bypasses the line-of-sight limitations of ground-based systems.
3Length of stationary object
If satellites are used for long-distance quantum key distribution, then distance limitation is overcome, but transmission to locations without optical ground stations remains impossible
Solution Approach 1:
The patent creates a universal quantum key distribution infrastructure where trusted intermediate nodes and satellites work together to serve multiple purposes: they can distribute keys between any two points on Earth, including locations without dedicated optical ground stations. The system achieves versatility by allowing flexible key distribution paths that can adapt to different location requirements and use cases.
4Length of stationary object
If passive optical arrangements are used to solve distance problems, then transmission distance may be extended, but application complexity and difficulty increase significantly
Solution Approach 1:
The patent replaces complex passive optical arrangements with an active intermediary-based system using trusted nodes and satellites. Instead of relying on complex optical relay arrangements that are difficult to implement and maintain, the system uses programmable intermediate nodes that can actively manage key distribution, reducing optical complexity while achieving the same distance extension goal.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This method effectively overcomes distance limitations and ensures secure quantum key distribution over extended distances, including those beyond direct line of sight, by using mobile load nodes and intermediate nodes to generate and transmit secure keys, ensuring reliable communication channels.
Implementation Method 1
establishes optical wireless communication between nodes, enabling secure key generation and transmission across long distances through entangled particles
Implementation Method 2
An entanglement-based quantum key distribution method using a load node that establishes optical wireless communication between nodes, enabling secure key generation and transmission across long distances through entangled particles
Data Source
AI summary
A method for a quantum key distribution from a first target node to a second target node across a network via an entanglement-based protocol, including the following steps: transferring entangled particles from a load node to the first target node and to at least one intermediate node; generating a quantum key with the entangled particles transferred to the first target node and the at least one intermediate node; transmitting the quantum key to the second target node on a first path located on the network with a stage of secure quantum key transmission agreement starting from the at least one intermediate node by encrypting intervals of binary nodes with pre-shared quantum keys; and providing a secure communication with the quantum keys between the first target node and the second target node on a second path located on the network.