Quantum Rotation Ledger for QMA-Hard Blockchain Verification
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current blockchain systems are vulnerable to attacks, such as the 51-percent attack, due to their reliance on classical computational power, and lack effective mechanisms to secure transactions using quantum-resistant protocols.
Innovation Solution
Integration of a quantum computer or virtual quantum machine (VQM) with a classical blockchain system to utilize quantum-Merlin-Arthur-complete (QMA-complete) problems for securing transactions, implementing a quantum rotation ledger (QRL) that verifies unitary operators through Non-Identity and Non-Equivalence Checks, ensuring the stability and security of the blockchain.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If classical computational power is used to secure blockchain transactions, then the system is easier to operate and understand, but it becomes vulnerable to attacks such as the 51-percent attack
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces quantum computing resources as an intermediary layer between the blockchain network and the security verification process. Quantum computers perform the cryptographic verification of transactions and validation of quantum proofs, acting as a mediator that enhances security without requiring every node in the network to possess quantum capabilities. This allows the system to leverage quantum computational power while maintaining the operational simplicity of classical blockchain nodes.
2Reliability
If quantum computing is integrated to prevent attacks, then security against quantum attacks is improved, but the system complexity and difficulty of operation increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent segments the blockchain network into different types of nodes with different functional requirements. Quantum-capable nodes (miners or validators) handle the computationally intensive quantum cryptographic operations, while ordinary nodes can continue to operate with classical computing resources. This segmentation allows the system to achieve quantum-resistant security without requiring every participant to operate complex quantum hardware, thereby maintaining ease of operation for the majority of users.
3Reliability
If quantum-Merlin-Arthur-complete problems are used for transaction verification, then the security level increases, but the computational complexity and verification difficulty increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent utilizes the parameter of quantum computational complexity to enhance security. By selecting QMA-complete problems for verification, the system changes the parameter of computational difficulty from classical to quantum levels. These problems are specifically chosen because they are believed to be hard for classical computers but verifiable by quantum computers, thereby achieving high security with feasible verification for quantum-capable nodes.
4Reliability
If a quantum rotation ledger is implemented to verify unitary operators, then the integrity of transactions is improved, but the device complexity and information storage requirements increase
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a quantum rotation ledger that stores copies of quantum states and unitary operators. Instead of requiring every node to maintain the entire quantum ledger, the system creates and distributes copies of relevant quantum information. This allows verification of transaction integrity through quantum state comparison and unitary operator validation while reducing the burden on individual nodes, as they only need to store and verify relevant portions of the quantum ledger.
Data Source
AI summary
In some embodiments, a computing system may comprise a memory for storing a ledger; a computer processor for verification of the ledger, wherein the computer processor comprises at least one of a classical computer processor configured to run a virtual quantum machine and a quantum computer comprising a plurality of qubits; wherein the ledger is configured to store arbitrary classical information and quantum information which is verifiable using the computer processor. Furthermore, in some embodiments the computing system is configured to perform operations comprising: adding to the ledger using the computer processor to solve a mathematically difficult problem which is Quantum-Merlin-Arthur-complete (QMA-complete). In embodiments, a blockchain includes a quantum state. In some aspects, a unitary operator corresponding to a quantum rotation is found when new transaction data are to be secured in the blockchain.