Quantum Processor Random Number Generation via Entangled Qubits
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current random number generation methods, especially in quantum processors, face challenges in producing verifiably random numbers that are difficult to simulate classically but can be certified, as uncoupled quantum processors generate unentangled numbers impossible to simulate, while known systems can be classically simulated, lacking security in cryptographic applications.
Innovation Solution
A method involving a quantum processor with a highly entangled nontrivial ground state, where random distortions are introduced to the Hamiltonian, allowing the quantum processor to generate random numbers that are difficult to simulate yet can be certified through classical simulation, using a quantum spin liquid with complex correlations and pseudo-random inputs to create a distinct, simulatable distribution.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Productivity
If a quantum processor generates random numbers using uncoupled qubits, then the generation speed is improved, but the numbers become unentangled and impossible to simulate for certification
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges multiple qubits into a coupled quantum system where qubits interact through controlled interactions. This coupling creates entangled states that can be simulated classically while maintaining the speed advantage of quantum processing. The merged system allows both rapid generation and subsequent certification through classical simulation of the entangled quantum states.
2Ease of manufacture
If a known quantum system is used for random number generation, then the system is simple to implement, but the complex correlations can be classically simulated, compromising security
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces asymmetric coupling strengths and interaction parameters into the quantum system. By making the coupling characteristics non-uniform and system-specific, the quantum correlations become difficult to replicate classically. This asymmetry maintains the simplicity of the quantum hardware while preventing efficient classical simulation of the correlation structure, thus ensuring cryptographic security.
3Reliability
If random distortions are introduced to the Hamiltonian, then the distribution becomes distinct and secure, but the system complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements dynamic control of coupling parameters where distortion strengths can be adjusted during operation. The Hamiltonian modifications are applied through time-dependent control fields that can be tuned to create the required complexity for security while maintaining manageable system architecture. This dynamic approach allows the system to adapt complexity levels based on security requirements.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach generates truly random numbers that are secure for cryptographic use, balancing difficulty in classical simulation with the ability to verify authenticity, ensuring the randomness and security of generated numbers.
Implementation Method 1
A method involves a quantum processor with a highly entangled nontrivial ground state, where random distortions are introduced to the Hamiltonian
Implementation Method 2
the highly entangled nontrivial ground state comprising a uniform superposition of classical ground states
Implementation Method 3
introducing one or more distortions to the Hamiltonian by one or more random variations, the one or more random variations selected based on an input value to provide a modified Hamiltonian
Data Source
AI summary
Systems and methods for random number generation are discussed. A first processor is in communication with a quantum processor, the quantum processor having an array of superconducting qubits. The first processor instructs the quantum processor to selectively communicatively couple the superconducting qubits to embed a quantum system having a highly entangled nontrivial ground state. The highly entangled nontrivial ground state comprising a uniform distribution of classical ground states. One or more distortions are introduced to the uniform distribution by one or more random variations based on an input value. The quantum processor evolves over the embedded quantum system. A set of one or more random numbers is received from the quantum processor.