Quantum Random Number Verification via Trusted Third Party

Resolve Bottlenecks,
Find Innovative SolutionsGenerate Solutions

Solution Overview

Problem

Existing quantum random number generation systems face challenges in verifying the use of quantum computing systems for generating random numbers, particularly in cryptographic applications where private randomness is required, and users lack sufficient classical computing resources to perform effective verification.

Innovation Solution

A method is introduced that allows users to offload the verification process to a computationally resourceful party, using classical simulations of the quantum circuit to determine if a quantum computing system was used for generation, employing techniques like cross-entropy benchmarking and hash tree structures to ensure verification without revealing sensitive randomness information.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If users perform verification of quantum random number generation using classical simulations, then verification accuracy is improved, but classical computing resources required increase significantly

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveverification accuracyVSAvoidclassical computing resources

Core Design Contradiction:

Measurement precisionVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces a trusted third party (TTP) as an intermediary that performs the computationally intensive classical simulations and verification processes. The TTP acts as a mediator between the quantum random number generator and the end user, handling the resource-intensive verification tasks while users only need to interact with the TTP through lightweight protocols, thus resolving the contradiction between verification accuracy and computational resource requirements.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent creates a verified copy of the quantum random number generation process by having the TTP perform classical simulations that replicate the quantum circuit behavior. This copying approach allows verification of quantum randomness properties without requiring users to directly execute resource-intensive quantum or classical simulations, maintaining verification accuracy while reducing user resource consumption.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #26Copying

2Reliability

If quantum computing resources are used extensively for generating random numbers, then randomness quality is improved, but quantum computing resources are consumed faster

Engineering Contradiction:

Improverandomness qualityVSAvoidquantum computing resource consumption rate

Core Design Contradiction:

ReliabilityVSProductivity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent implements a hybrid approach where quantum computing resources are used partially for generating the core quantum entropy, while classical computing resources handle the verification and post-processing. This partial use of quantum resources maintains randomness quality by leveraging quantum effects for entropy generation, while excessive classical computation performs verification tasks, thus balancing quantum resource consumption with reliability requirements.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #16Partial or excessive action

Solution Approach 2:

The patent substitutes quantum mechanical operations with classical computational methods for certain tasks. Specifically, classical simulations replace some quantum operations in the verification process, and classical post-processing replaces some quantum random number generation tasks. This substitution reduces quantum resource consumption while maintaining overall system reliability through the combination of quantum entropy generation and classical verification.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Adaptability or versatility

If verification process is performed without trusted third party, then user control over randomness is improved, but verification complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:

Improveuser control over randomnessVSAvoidverification process complexity

Core Design Contradiction:

Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces a trusted third party (TTP) as an intermediary that simplifies the verification process for users. The TTP handles the complex classical simulations and verification protocols, providing users with a simplified interface that maintains user control over randomness generation while offloading the computational complexity to the TTP. This resolves the contradiction by trading verification complexity for user control through the mediating TTP.

Inventive Principle:

Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Data Source

PatentUS12015705B1Verified quantum random number generation for cryptographic applications

Publication Date: 2024.06.18 GOOGLE LLC

AI summary

Systems and methods for quantum random number generation are provided. In some implementations, a method can include obtaining data indicative of a quantum circuit used by the quantum random number generation system to generate a quantum entropy source for determining a random number. The quantum entropy source can include a plurality of output samples. Each output sample can be obtained by measuring an output of the quantum circuit. The method can include performing one or more simulations of the quantum circuit to obtain a simulated output distribution of the quantum circuit without access to data associated with the random number. The method can include providing data indicative of the simulated output distribution for use in a verification process for the quantum random number generation system. The verification process can determine the use of the quantum computing system in generation of the quantum entropy source.