Concentrated Quaternary Ammonium Halide Electrolyte for Wide-Window Batteries
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing halide ion batteries face safety concerns due to the generation of free hydrogen fluoride and narrow potential windows, particularly in fluoride ion batteries using ether-based electrolytes or aqueous solutions with low NaF concentrations.
Innovation Solution
A concentrated aqueous solution of quaternary alkylammonium halide salts is developed, with a concentration of 9.0 to 11.0 mol/kg, which prevents the generation of hydrogen fluoride and significantly enlarges the potential window by adjusting the water content, thereby enhancing safety and capacity.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Temperature
If ether-based electrolyte is used, then the battery can operate at room temperature, but the electrolyte has high inflammability and safety concerns arise
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the chemical composition parameters of the electrolyte by using concentrated aqueous solutions of quaternary ammonium halide salts (9.0-11.0 mol/kg) instead of ether-based electrolytes. This parameter change maintains room temperature operation while eliminating the high inflammability hazard associated with ether-based electrolytes, as aqueous solutions are inherently non-flammable.
2Object-affected harmful factors
If dilute aqueous solution of NaF is used, then the battery can operate safely, but the potential window is narrow (1.4 V) and high capacity cannot be achieved
Solution Approach 1:
The patent changes the concentration parameter of the aqueous electrolyte solution to a highly concentrated range (9.0-11.0 mol/kg) of quaternary ammonium halide salts. This concentration change fundamentally alters the electrochemical properties, expanding the potential window from 1.4 V in dilute solutions to over 2.0 V, while maintaining safety through the aqueous base formulation that prevents HF generation.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs composite electrolyte composition using quaternary ammonium halide salts in aqueous solution, combining the safety benefits of water-based electrolytes with the enhanced electrochemical performance of concentrated salt solutions. This composite approach achieves both safety and high capacity by preventing HF generation while enabling wider potential windows.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution provides a halide ion battery with excellent safety and a wide potential window, enabling high-capacity operation without the risk of hydrogen fluoride generation and ignition, particularly suitable for fluoride ion batteries.
Implementation Method 1
a concentrated aqueous solution of a quaternary alkylammonium halide salt becomes a strong base due to a change in a state of water contained in the aqueous solution
Data Source
AI summary
A catalytic solution for a halide ion battery, which is an aqueous solution containing a quaternary ammonium halide salt or a hydrate thereof at 9.0 mol/kg to 11.0 mol/kg, is an electrolyte for a halide ion battery that has excellent safety and a wide potential window.