Radar Backscatter Ranging for Wireless Devices

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing RFID systems have limited capability in determining the range or location of a tag or object, necessitating an improved method and system for identification and ranging.

Innovation Solution

A radar-based identification and range finding system using offset backscattering, where a radar antenna transmits an electromagnetic wave and the wireless device backscatters a frequency offset signal, allowing for power measurement to determine the range or location by employing techniques such as power measurement and continuous wave signals with frequency modulation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Measurement precision

If traditional RFID backscattering method is used, then power consumption is reduced and simplicity is maintained, but ranging capability is limited

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveranging capabilityVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines RFID backscattering technology with radar ranging technology into a unified system. The RFID tag's backscattering mechanism is enhanced to carry ranging information by modulating the backscattered signal with distance-dependent phase or frequency shifts, allowing simultaneous identification and ranging functions without requiring completely separate systems

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent utilizes changes in signal parameters (frequency, phase, or time delay) of the backscattered electromagnetic waves to encode ranging information. By measuring the phase difference or frequency shift between transmitted and backscattered signals, the system calculates distance based on the known speed of light and signal propagation time

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Measurement precision

If radar techniques are applied for accurate ranging, then measurement precision is improved, but energy consumption increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improverange determination accuracyVSAvoidpower consumption
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSUse of energy by moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The RFID tag passively harvests energy from the reader's transmitted electromagnetic signal through rectification circuits, storing it in capacitors to power its backscattering modulation and ranging signal generation. This eliminates the need for an independent power source in the tag, allowing radar-like ranging functionality without additional battery power consumption

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The reader device performs multiple functions simultaneously: it provides power to passive tags through electromagnetic coupling, communicates data bidirectionally via backscattering, and conducts ranging measurements by analyzing the backscattered signal characteristics. This multi-functionality reduces overall system energy consumption compared to deploying separate RFID and radar systems

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Enables accurate determination of the range or location of a wireless device using radar techniques, improving upon the limitations of existing RFID systems by utilizing frequency offset signals for precise distance calculation.

Implementation Method 1

a radar antenna transmits an electromagnetic wave

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic radiation: Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

the wireless device backscatters a frequency offset signal

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectBackscattering: Reflection

Implementation Method 3

continuous wave signals with frequency modulation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFrequency modulation: Phase Modulation

Implementation Method 4

A rectify circuit 131 in the tag 130 collects and stores the energy 140 for powering the other circuits

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic energy rectification: Rectenna

Data Source

PatentEP3033635B1Method and system for identifying and finding a range of an object
Publication Date: 2019.04.03 DRNC HOLDINGS INC
  • EP3033635B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3033635B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3033635B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A method for identifying and ranging a wireless device, comprising: transmitting an original radar signal from a detecting system; in response to the original radar signal, receiving a modulated radar signal at the detecting system, the modulated radar signal being backscattered from an antenna of the wireless device and containing information pertaining to the wireless device, and the modulated radar signal being a frequency offset version of the original radar signal; and, using a processor at the detecting system, determining an identity and a range of the wireless device from the modulated radar signal.