Radar Antenna Feed Overlap Structure for Compact Tx/Rx Isolation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current radar signal devices face challenges in reducing device area and cost due to the need for numerous components, and patch antennas have limited detection range and application scenarios with unidirectional radiation patterns, requiring additional components like antenna couplers to process signals.
Innovation Solution
A radar signal device with an antenna unit that includes a first and second feed structure on a metal layer, where the feed structures' projections overlap with openings to form bi-directional radiation patterns, allowing concurrent transmission and reception of signals with sufficient isolation, and a reflector can be used to adjust antenna patterns for improved detection range.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If antenna arrays are used to implement high isolation, then signal isolation is improved, but device area increases and component quantity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges transmission and reception functions into a single antenna unit that operates concurrently. The antenna unit includes a feed structure with projections overlapping metal layer openings, allowing bidirectional signal processing without requiring separate antenna arrays for transmission and reception, thereby reducing device area while maintaining signal isolation through the specific geometric configuration and polarization arrangement.
Solution Approach 2:
The antenna unit serves multiple functions: it can transmit signals, receive signals, and operate in both directions concurrently. The feed structure with its specific projection geometry enables the antenna to function as both a transmitting and receiving element, eliminating the need for separate dedicated arrays and reducing overall component quantity.
2Ease of operation
If patch antennas are used for signal transmission and reception, then signal processing capability is improved, but device complexity increases due to additional components like antenna couplers
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines transmission and reception circuits with the antenna unit into an integrated system. The antenna unit directly interfaces with both transmission and reception circuits without requiring intermediate antenna couplers or additional signal processing components, thereby maintaining full signal processing capability while reducing device complexity and component quantity.
Solution Approach 2:
The invention extracts and eliminates the need for antenna couplers from the traditional patch antenna system. By using the feed structure with projections overlapping metal layer openings, the system achieves direct signal coupling between the antenna unit and both transmission and reception circuits, removing unnecessary intermediate components.
3Device complexity
If unidirectional radiation pattern is used, then antenna structure is simplified, but detection range is limited and application scenarios are reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The antenna unit achieves dynamic adaptability through its bidirectional operation capability. By configuring the feed structure with projections that overlap metal layer openings and setting the angle between co-polarized electric field directions between 45 and 135 degrees, the system can dynamically switch between transmission and reception modes while maintaining a simplified structure, thereby expanding detection range and application scenarios.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution enables efficient signal transceiving with improved antenna performance, reduced component complexity, and adjustable detection range, addressing the limitations of existing devices by forming bi-directional radiation patterns and allowing for cost-effective manufacturing.
Implementation Method 1
The antenna unit is configured to form a first radiation pattern and a second radiation pattern. The first radiation pattern is used to transmit the transmission signal and has a first co-polarized electric field direction. The second radiation pattern is used to receive the reception signal and has a second co-polarized electric field direction.
Data Source
AI summary
A radar signal device includes an antenna unit, a transmission circuit and a reception circuit. The antenna unit is used to concurrently transmit a transmission signal and receive a reception signal. The antenna unit includes a metal layer, a first feed structure and a second feed structure. An opening is formed on the metal layer. A first projection of the first feed structure on the metal layer at least partially overlaps with the opening. A second projection of the second feed structure on the metal layer at least partially overlaps with the opening. The antenna unit forms a first radiation pattern used to transmit the transmission signal and a second radiation pattern used to receive the reception signal. An angle between a co-polarized electric field direction of the first radiation pattern and a co-polarized electric field direction of the second radiation pattern is between 45 degrees and 135 degrees.