Vehicular Radar Spoofing Prevention via Hybrid Random Sequences
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Solution Overview
Problem
Radar systems are vulnerable to spoofing attacks, which can create false actions or inactions in automotive applications, as existing technologies rely on predictable signal waveforms that can be determined by remote observers, allowing for the generation of false targets or the cloaking of real targets.
Innovation Solution
A radar system that utilizes a combination of analog to digital converter (ADC) samples and pseudorandom binary sequence (PRBS) values to generate truly random binary sequences, which are then used for phase modulation, making it difficult for remote observers to predict the transmitted waveform and thus preventing spoofing attacks.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If pseudorandom binary sequences are used for phase modulation, then the radar system achieves good autocorrelation properties and processing gain, but the transmitted waveform becomes predictable and vulnerable to spoofing attacks
Solution Approach 1:
The patent combines two types of random number generators: a true random number generator (TRNG) that generates truly random bits from thermal noise in the ADC, and a pseudorandom number generator (PRNG) that generates deterministic sequences. These two sources are merged through XOR operation to create a hybrid code sequence that has both the good autocorrelation properties of PR sequences and the unpredictability of true random sequences, thereby preventing spoofing attacks while maintaining radar performance
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes the fundamental parameter of code generation from purely deterministic PR sequences to a hybrid approach incorporating true random numbers. By introducing true random bits at specific positions in the code sequence, the system fundamentally alters the predictability parameter while maintaining the structural integrity needed for radar processing gain
2Reliability
If true random number generators are used to generate unpredictable waveforms, then spoofing resistance is improved, but the generation rate and throughput are reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The system merges a low-rate true random number generator with a high-rate pseudorandom number generator. The TRNG provides true randomness at a lower rate (limited by thermal noise sampling speed), while the PRNG provides high-rate deterministic sequences. By combining these through XOR, the system achieves both high throughput and true randomness, as the PRNG fills the rate gap while the TRNG ensures unpredictability at critical positions
Solution Approach 2:
The PRNG acts as an intermediary that bridges the rate gap between the TRNG and the required high chip rate. The PRNG generates high-rate sequences that are then mixed with low-rate true random bits through XOR, effectively mediating between the slow true random source and the fast radar processing requirements
3Reliability
If ADC samples are used as the sole source of random numbers, then true randomness is achieved, but the output rate is limited by the ADC sampling frequency
Solution Approach 1:
The patent merges the output of the ADC-based TRNG with a high-rate PRNG output through XOR operation. This combination allows the system to achieve true randomness from the slow ADC sampling while compensating for the low rate through the high-rate PRNG contribution, effectively decoupling the true randomness source from the final output rate requirement
Data Source
AI summary
A radar sensing system for a vehicle includes transmit and receive pipelines. The transmit pipeline includes transmitters able to transmit radio signals. The receive pipeline includes receivers able to receive radio signals. The received radio signals include transmitted radio signals that are reflected from an object. The transmitters phase modulate the radio signals before transmission, as defined by a first binary sequence. The receive pipeline comprises at least one analog to digital converter (ADC) for sampling the received radio signals. The first binary sequence is defined by least significant bit (LSB) outputs from the at least one ADC.