Radially Segmented Brain Stimulation Lead Orientation
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Solution Overview
Problem
Current deep brain stimulation techniques using radially directional leads with segmented electrodes face challenges in accurately determining both the depth and radial orientation of these electrodes within the brain, which is crucial for effective treatment of conditions like Parkinson's disease and dystonia.
Innovation Solution
A method involving microelectrode recordings to create a three-dimensional map of brain structures, followed by positioning a graphical representation of radially segmented electrodes over the map to determine desired depth and orientation, using tools like radially directional devices that utilize electrical continuity or optical methods to confirm actual orientation before implantation.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Measurement precision
If microelectrode recording is used to map brain structures, then depth information can be obtained, but radial orientation information is lost
Solution Approach 1:
The patent transitions from one-dimensional linear electrode arrays to three-dimensional radially segmented electrode configurations. This dimensional change enables simultaneous measurement in multiple directions (depth and radial orientation), resolving the information loss by adding spatial dimensions to the measurement capability
Solution Approach 2:
The electrode array is divided into multiple radially segmented electrodes arranged in a three-dimensional configuration. This segmentation allows each electrode element to capture signals from different radial directions while maintaining depth measurement capability, thereby preserving both depth and orientation information simultaneously
2Loss of information
If radially segmented electrodes are used, then radial orientation information can be obtained, but mapping complexity increases
Solution Approach 1:
The radially segmented electrode array serves multiple functions simultaneously: it performs microelectrode recording for brain structure mapping, determines radial orientation, and guides lead placement. This multi-functionality reduces overall system complexity by integrating multiple measurement capabilities into a single device rather than requiring separate tools for each function
Solution Approach 2:
The patent creates a three-dimensional graphical map that replicates the complex radial and depth structure of brain structures. This graphical copy simplifies the interpretation of complex radial electrode data by transforming it into a visual representation that maintains spatial relationships while reducing analytical complexity
3Device complexity
If traditional linear electrodes are used, then device simplicity is maintained, but directional stimulation capability is reduced
Solution Approach 1:
The electrode system transitions from a fixed linear configuration to a dynamic three-dimensional radially segmented structure that can selectively activate different electrode elements based on the required stimulation direction. This dynamic capability allows the system to adapt to various stimulation needs while maintaining a relatively simple overall device architecture
Solution Approach 2:
Different regions of the radially segmented electrode array are optimized for different functions: some electrodes are positioned for depth measurement, others for radial orientation detection, and specific segments for directional stimulation. This local optimization allows each electrode element to serve its specific purpose while maintaining overall device simplicity through modular design
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
This approach enables precise placement of radially segmented electrodes, enhancing the accuracy and effectiveness of deep brain stimulation by ensuring correct orientation and depth, thereby improving treatment outcomes for neurological disorders.
Implementation Method 1
a microelectrode, which may essentially be an insulated wire that has at least the distal portion uninsulated to receive electrical signals, functions as a probe to locate an optimal site in the brain
Implementation Method 2
tools like radially directional devices that utilize electrical continuity or optical methods to confirm actual orientation before implantation
Data Source
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AI summary
A method for implanting a lead within brain tissue of a patient, wherein the lead comprises a set of radially segmented electrodes on a distal end of the lead is provided. The method includes performing a plurality of microelectrode recordings through a respective plurality of recording tracts in the brain tissue; based on the microelectrode recordings, creating a three-dimensional map of a brain structure; positioning a graphical representation of the radially segmented electrodes over the map of the brain structure to create a graphical depiction of a desired depth and a desired radial orientation of the lead within the brain tissue; and implanting the lead in the brain tissue in accordance with the desired depth and desired radial orientation. A device for determining a radial orientation of the lead includes a radially directional ruler and an indicator for indicating which electrode is in contact with the ruler.