Radio Wave Transparent Body With Dielectric Matching Layers
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Solution Overview
Problem
Antennas such as microstrip antennas strongly radiate electromagnetic waves in the forward direction, and when a main substrate with relatively high relative permittivity is situated forward, electromagnetic waves are reflected at the interface, leading to inefficiencies.
Innovation Solution
An electromagnetic wave transparent body comprising a main substrate with specific permittivity and dielectric properties, an intermediate layer, and a matching layer with tailored thicknesses and permittivity to minimize wave reflection, using formulas to optimize layer thickness and permittivity ratios.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a main substrate with relatively high relative permittivity is used frontward of the antenna, then electromagnetic wave radiation performance is improved, but electromagnetic wave reflection increases at the interface
Solution Approach 1:
The patent introduces an intermediate layer with intermediate permittivity (1.0 < εr2 ≤ 2.0) between the antenna and the main substrate with high permittivity (3.0 < εr1 ≤ 7.0). This intermediate layer acts as a mediator that gradually transitions the electromagnetic impedance, reducing the abrupt impedance mismatch that causes reflection. The matching layer with permittivity εr3 satisfying 0.7×√εr1 ≤ εr3 ≤ 1.3×√εr1 further optimizes the impedance transition, effectively suppressing reflection while maintaining the beneficial radiation performance of the high-permittivity main substrate.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent systematically optimizes multiple parameters including the permittivity values of each layer (εr1, εr2, εr3), the thickness ratios (d2/d1, d3/d1), and the frequency characteristics to achieve minimal reflection across a wide bandwidth. By carefully selecting these parameters within specific ranges, the patent transforms the harmful reflection effect into a controlled impedance matching scenario that enhances overall electromagnetic wave transmission efficiency.
2Device complexity
If a simple single-layer structure is used, then device complexity is reduced, but electromagnetic wave reflection cannot be sufficiently suppressed
Solution Approach 1:
The patent divides the electromagnetic wave transmission path into three distinct functional layers: the main substrate layer, the intermediate layer, and the matching layer. Each layer is assigned a specific permittivity range and thickness ratio that contributes to progressive impedance matching. This segmentation allows each layer to perform its specific function in the impedance transition sequence, achieving superior reflection suppression compared to a single-layer structure while maintaining reasonable structural simplicity.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent employs a composite structure consisting of three layers with different dielectric materials having specific permittivity ranges. The main substrate (εr1: 3.0-7.0), intermediate layer (εr2: 1.0-2.0), and matching layer (εr3: 0.7×√εr1 to 1.3×√εr1) form a composite electromagnetic structure that leverages the complementary properties of each material to achieve optimal impedance matching and minimize reflection across wide bandwidth.
Applied Scientific Principles
This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.
Function Achieved in This Case
The solution effectively suppresses electromagnetic wave reflection, ensuring high transmission efficiency and reduced loss across a wide frequency band.
Implementation Method 1
when a main substrate (such as a window glass or glass facade etc.) having a relatively high relative permittivity is situated frontward (forward) of an antenna, electromagnetic waves are reflected at the interface of the main substrate
Implementation Method 2
a matching layer located on a first side with respect to the intermediate layer and having, at the frequency f, a relative permittivity εr3 of from 0.7 times to 1.3 times a value of √(εr1)
Data Source
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AI summary
Provided is an electromagnetic wave transparent body, in which reflection of electromagnetic waves can be suppressed. An electromagnetic wave transparent body according to one embodiment satisfies the following formulas: (n1-0.3)×(C0/(4×f×√(εr1))) ≤ d1 ≤ (n1+0.3)×(C0/(4×f×√(εr1))); d2 = n2×C0/(4×f×√(εr2)); d3 = n3×C0/(4×f×√(εr3)); 0 ≤ n2 ≤ 2; 0 < n3 ≤ 3; (((n3-1)cosθ+(n2-a2)sinθ)/a3)2+((-(n3-1)sinθ+(n2-a2)cosθ)/a4)2 ≥ 1; (((n3-3)cosθ+(n2-a2)sinθ)/a3)2+((-(n3-3)sinθ+(n2-a2)cosθ)/a4)2 ≥ 1; θ = -38°; a2 = 1; a3 = 1.2; and a4 = 0.6, where d1 is a total thickness of a main substrate; d2 is a thickness of an intermediate layer; d3 is a thickness of a matching layer; C0 is a speed of electromagnetic wave in air; f is a frequency of electromagnetic wave; and n1 is an even number from 2 to 20.