Rail Car Coupling Detection via RFID and Dry Contacts

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Solution Overview

Problem

Current methods for determining the coupling status of rail cars in a consist are inaccurate and unreliable, particularly when trains enter and exit rail yards operated by different entities, as they rely on manual processes or RTLS technology that cannot confirm whether cars are coupled together.

Innovation Solution

A system using RFID tags and dry contacts on each rail car to communicate data packets indicating coupling status, where a positive signal from the dry contact confirms coupling, and signal strength is used to identify adjacent cars, with data packets sent to a server for validation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Device complexity

If manual data entry or scanning methods are used to track rail car coupling status, then the system is simple to implement, but the accuracy and reliability of coupling status determination deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesystem complexityVSAvoidcoupling status determination accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Device complexityVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent replaces manual mechanical processes (scanning identifiers, manual data entry) with an automated electrical system using RFID tags, dry contacts, and signal processing to detect and communicate coupling status between rail cars

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent introduces RFID tags as intermediary devices that facilitate communication between coupled rail cars, allowing automatic exchange of coupling status information without direct human intervention or complex scanning systems

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

2Loss of information

If RTLS technology is used to locate train cars, then the system can identify car positions, but the ability to confirm actual coupling status between cars deteriorates

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetrain car location informationVSAvoidcoupling status confirmation accuracy
Core Design Contradiction:
Loss of informationVSMeasurement precision

Solution Approach 1:

The patent introduces dry contacts as intermediary electrical components that directly sense the physical coupling connection between rail cars and convert it into an electrical signal, providing accurate coupling status confirmation that RTLS alone cannot achieve

Inventive Principle:
Principle #24Intermediary (Mediator)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent replaces the inadequate RTLS-based coupling detection with an electrical signaling system using dry contacts and RFID tags that can reliably confirm actual mechanical coupling status

Inventive Principle:
Principle #28Mechanics substitution (Replace mechanical system)

3Ease of operation

If manual tracking methods are used across different rail yards, then the system is easy to operate, but the reliability of consist information deteriorates when trains are modified by different operators

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetracking operation simplicityVSAvoidconsist information reliability
Core Design Contradiction:
Ease of operationVSReliability

Solution Approach 1:

The patent enables rail cars to automatically self-report their coupling status to adjacent cars through RFID communication, eliminating the need for manual tracking by operators at each rail yard and ensuring consistent data collection regardless of which operator controls the yard

Inventive Principle:
Principle #25Self-service

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements a feedback mechanism where coupling status information is automatically transmitted from one rail car to another through RFID tags, creating a self-verifying system that maintains reliable consist information across multiple operators and rail yards

Inventive Principle:
Principle #23Feedback

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

Accurately identifies and confirms the coupling status of rail cars, enabling reliable tracking and communication of consist composition across different rail yards and jurisdictions.

Implementation Method 1

a first RFID tag on the first transport unit in signal communication with the dry contact; the communications device being configured to communicate a data packet identifying the first transport and a state of the dry contact to a communications receiving device

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectRFID (Radio Frequency Identification): Electromagnetic Induction

Implementation Method 2

the electrical coupling portion of first transport unit including a first dry contact having a closed state when the mechanical coupling portion and the complementary mechanical coupling portion are coupled together and an open state when the mechanical coupling portion and the complementary mechanical coupling portion are uncoupled from each other

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectrical Conduction: Conduction (electrical)

Data Source

PatentEP3168112B1Method and system for rail vehicle coupling determination
Publication Date: 2021.05.26 TRAPEZE SOFTWARE
  • EP3168112B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP3168112B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP3168112B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

A system and method for identifying at least two transport units in coupled relationship forming a consist including determining via the presence of an electrical signal whether one end of a coupling unit at an end of a first transport unit is coupled to a second end of said coupling unit at an end of a second transport unit; determining by computer executable instructions executed by a computer processor a transport unit in closest proximity to said first transport unit; upon a condition in which said one end of said coupling unit is determined to be coupled to a second end of said coupling unit, identifying by said computer processor said second transport unit as said transport unit in closest proximity to said first transport unit.