Integrated Rail Vehicle Damper with Conical Energy Absorption

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing energy absorption devices for rail vehicles require significant installation space due to the separate integration of damping and energy absorption components, which is not feasible in all vehicle designs, especially when the damping device's operating load is exceeded, leading to potential damage and insufficient energy dissipation during crashes.

Innovation Solution

Integrating a regenerative damping device in parallel with an energy absorption device, where the damping element is connected to both the damping device and the energy-absorbing element, allowing force flow through both components, reducing overall length and installation space by using a deformation tube with a conical cross-section expansion for energy dissipation.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Reliability

If a separate energy absorption device is connected downstream of the damping device, then the vehicle underframe is protected from extreme loads in crashes, but the overall installation space required increases significantly

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveprotection of vehicle underframeVSAvoidinstallation space
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSVolume of moving object

Solution Approach 1:

The patent combines the damping device and energy absorption device into a single integrated unit. The damping element and energy-absorbing element are arranged in parallel within the same housing, allowing both functions to be performed in the same installation space. This merging resolves the contradiction by maintaining underframe protection while eliminating the need for additional separate equipment that would increase installation space.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

Solution Approach 2:

The integrated energy absorption device performs multiple functions simultaneously: the damping element provides regenerative damping for normal operation, while the energy-absorbing element provides destructive energy absorption for crashes. Both functions share the same installation space and structural housing, making the device universal for both normal operation and crash protection scenarios without requiring separate dedicated spaces.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

2Reliability

If the damping device is designed to absorb tensile and impact forces up to a defined magnitude, then normal driving forces are dampened effectively, but forces in excess of this magnitude cannot be absorbed and may damage the damping device or coupling connections

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvedamping of normal driving forcesVSAvoidresistance to excessive impact forces
Core Design Contradiction:
ReliabilityVSStrength

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the energy absorption function into two distinct elements with different characteristics: a damping element for regenerative damping of normal forces, and an energy-absorbing element for destructive absorption of excessive forces. This segmentation allows each element to be optimized for its specific function, with the damping element handling normal operation and the energy-absorbing element providing over-protection against crashes and extreme events.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The energy-absorbing element is designed to activate automatically when excessive impact forces exceed the damping device's capacity, providing beforehand cushioning against damage to the damping device and coupling connections. This prior cushioning mechanism ensures that when crashes or extreme events occur, the energy-absorbing element engages to protect the more sensitive damping device and vehicle structure from damage.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #11Beforehand cushioning (Prior cushioning)

3Volume of moving object

If a deformation tube with conical cross-section expansion is used for energy dissipation, then energy absorption is maximized with minimal installation space, but the structural complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveinstallation spaceVSAvoidstructural complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Volume of moving objectVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The energy-absorbing element employs a deformation tube with a conical cross-section that expands in the longitudinal direction. This curved, conical geometry allows the tube to deform progressively during impact, maximizing energy absorption through plastic deformation while maintaining a compact form factor. The conical shape provides gradual structural transition that enhances energy dissipation efficiency without requiring excessive installation space.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #14Spheroidality (Curvature)

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This configuration enables efficient damping of tensile and impact forces during normal operation while maximizing energy absorption in crashes with minimal installation space, ensuring the vehicle underframe is protected from extreme loads without additional space requirements.

Implementation Method 1

a damping device with a regenerative damping element for damping tensile and impact forces occurring during normal driving operation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectFriction damping: Friction

Implementation Method 2

a damping device with a regenerative damping element for damping tensile and impact forces occurring during normal driving operation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectViscous damping: Viscous Damping

Implementation Method 3

the destructive energy-absorbing element is designed to respond after a pre-determinable critical impact force has been exceeded and to convert at least part of the impact forces transmitted via the energy-absorbing device into heat and deformation work by plastic deformation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPlastic deformation: Plasticity

Implementation Method 4

a deformation tube with a conical cross-section expansion for energy dissipation

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectPlastic deformation: Plasticity

Implementation Method 5

which, after a critical impact force has been exceeded by (intended) plastic deformation in a destructive manner, the impact energy introduced into the energy absorption device is converted into deformation work and heat

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectEnergy dissipation through deformation: Deformation

Data Source

PatentEP2072370B1Energy absorbing device for a vehicle body of a multi-unit vehicle
Publication Date: 2010.06.23 VOITH PATENT GMBH
  • EP2072370B1 patent drawingFigure 1
  • EP2072370B1 patent drawingFigure 2
  • EP2072370B1 patent drawingFigure 3~4

AI summary

The damper (10) between rail wagons, to take up pull and push forces, has a regenerative damping element (11) to absorb forces under normal travel conditions. It also has an energy assimilation unit (20) with a destructive element (21) which converts energy above a critical push force into heat and distortion forces. The damper has two pressure plates (12,13) with the damping element between them. The distorting tube section (23) has at least one guide surface (24) for the interaction between the plates moving the energy assimilation assembly (1) in a longitudinal direction (L).