Rail Vehicle Energy Management with Segmented Transformers

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing energy distribution systems for railbound vehicles are heavy, space-consuming, and inefficient, particularly at low load conditions due to the use of traditional transformers and converters.

Innovation Solution

An energy management and distribution system utilizing power electronic traction transformers coupled to an AC catenary, with a common DC bus and a control unit to activate/deactivate transformers based on load requirements, optimizing efficiency by operating only the necessary number of transformers for the required power.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Weight of stationary object

If a power electronic traction transformer is used to replace the traditional low-frequency transformer, then weight and space are reduced, but efficiency deteriorates at low load conditions

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvetransformer weightVSAvoidefficiency at low load
Core Design Contradiction:
Weight of stationary objectVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent divides the single power electronic traction transformer into multiple independent power electronic traction transformers (first and second PETTs). Each PETT can be independently controlled and activated based on load requirements, allowing the system to operate fewer transformers at higher efficiency points while maintaining the weight and space benefits of power electronic transformers.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements dynamic control where the number of active power electronic traction transformers is adjusted based on real-time power requirements. The control unit activates or deactivates specific PETTs according to whether the power demand exceeds predefined thresholds, enabling the system to adapt its configuration dynamically to maintain optimal efficiency across varying load conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

2Power

If multiple power electronic traction transformers are activated to meet high power demands, then power supply capability is improved, but efficiency deteriorates due to operation outside preferred efficiency ranges

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower supply capabilityVSAvoidefficiency at partial load
Core Design Contradiction:
PowerVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The patent segments the power transformation function across multiple independent PETTs, each capable of operating within its preferred efficiency range. By dividing the total power requirement among multiple smaller units rather than overloading a single transformer, the system maintains high efficiency even when meeting high power demands.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #1Segmentation

Solution Approach 2:

The patent combines multiple power electronic traction transformers to meet high power demands while maintaining efficiency. When the power requirement exceeds the capacity of a single PETT operating at its preferred efficiency range, the control unit activates additional PETTs and distributes the load appropriately, ensuring that each active transformer operates efficiently while collectively meeting the high power demand.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #5Merging (Combining)

3Adaptability or versatility

If the number of power electronic traction transformers is increased to meet varying power demands, then adaptability is improved, but device complexity increases

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvepower distribution flexibilityVSAvoidsystem complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Adaptability or versatilityVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The patent designs each power electronic traction transformer with identical functionality and characteristics, allowing any PETT to serve any power distribution requirement. This universal design simplifies the control logic compared to managing different types of transformers, as the control unit can activate any PETT based on simple power threshold comparisons rather than complex matching algorithms.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #6Universality (Multi-functionality)

Solution Approach 2:

The patent implements a dynamic activation strategy where the control unit adjusts the number of active PETTs based on real-time power requirements. This dynamic approach allows the system to scale its complexity only when necessary - activating additional transformers only when power demands exceed predefined thresholds - thereby maintaining simplicity during normal operation while providing adaptability when needed.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

This system provides improved efficiency, reduced weight, and space usage by scaling the number of power electronic traction transformers according to load demands, ensuring operation within their preferred efficiency range, thereby enhancing overall power distribution in rail vehicles.

Implementation Method 1

power electronic traction transformers for coupling to an AC catenary for receiving high-voltage AC power

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectElectromagnetic induction: Electromagnetic Induction

Data Source

PatentEP2872359B1Energy management system for railbound vehicles
Publication Date: 2016.04.27 ABB TECHNOLOGY AG
  • EP2872359B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP2872359B1 patent drawingFigure 3

AI summary

The present invention relates to an energy management and distribution system for a railbound vehicle (1 ), comprising: - a plurality of power electronic traction transformers (5) for coupling to an AC catenary (3) for receiving high-voltage AC power; - a common DC bus (6) being connected for supplying electrical energy to one or more loads (8); and - a control unit (9) capable of activating and deactivating the power electronic traction transformers (5) depending on the total power required by the loads (8).