Rail Vehicle Sanding Nozzle with Speed-Adjusted Discharge Angle

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Solution Overview

Problem

Existing sanding systems for rail vehicles face challenges in ensuring effective sand distribution between the wheel and rail due to air turbulence, which reduces sand adhesion and efficiency, especially at higher speeds.

Innovation Solution

A sanding device with a nozzle that adjusts its outlet angle and sand discharge based on the vehicle's speed, using a movable nozzle design and control signals to optimize sand distribution, and integrates with existing brake control electronics for emergency sanding.

Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles

VSEngineering Contradiction Analysis

1Quantity of substance

If sand is scattered onto the rail in front of the wheel via a pipe or rubber nozzle, then sand can be applied to improve adhesion, but air turbulence and air currents carry the sand away, preventing it from landing on the rail

Engineering Contradiction:
Improveamount of sand on the railVSAvoidsand loss due to lateral deflection
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSLoss of energy

Solution Approach 1:

The nozzle is made movable with an adjustable discharge angle that can be dynamically changed based on vehicle speed. This allows the sand application system to adapt to varying air turbulence conditions at different speeds, optimizing sand delivery efficiency and reducing lateral deflection losses.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Solution Approach 2:

The discharge angle parameter of the nozzle is made variable rather than fixed. By changing the discharge angle parameter in response to speed changes, the system compensates for speed-dependent air turbulence effects, ensuring sand lands accurately on the rail across a range of operating conditions.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

2Quantity of substance

If a high application velocity is used to reduce lateral deflection, then more sand lands on the track, but the required airflow and nozzle size create system complexity

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvequantity of sand landing on trackVSAvoidairflow and nozzle system complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Quantity of substanceVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

Instead of increasing airflow and nozzle size to achieve proper sand application, the solution changes the discharge angle parameter of the nozzle. This parameter change allows effective sand delivery at lower, more economical airflow levels, reducing system complexity while maintaining or improving sand application quantity.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #35Parameter changes

3Measurement precision

If the nozzle discharge angle is adjusted in response to vehicle speed, then sand distribution accuracy is improved, but the nozzle mechanism becomes more complex

Engineering Contradiction:
Improvesand distribution accuracyVSAvoidnozzle adjustment mechanism complexity
Core Design Contradiction:
Measurement precisionVSDevice complexity

Solution Approach 1:

The nozzle is designed with movable capability, allowing the discharge angle to be dynamically adjusted based on vehicle speed feedback. This dynamic adjustment capability enables precise sand distribution across varying operating conditions while using a relatively simple actuation mechanism controlled by speed-sensing electronics.

Inventive Principle:
Principle #15Dynamics

Applied Scientific Principles

This section explains which scientific principles are used to turn an abstract innovation direction into a practical engineering solution.

Function Achieved in This Case

The solution enhances sand distribution accuracy and quantity, compensating for wind interference and maintaining adhesion at higher speeds, with cost savings and improved robustness by utilizing existing infrastructure.

Implementation Method 1

a nozzle (108) configured to dispense a variable quantity of sand; and a device (112) for adjusting the nozzle's discharge angle

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectAirflow: Fluid Spray

Implementation Method 2

By adjusting the direction, particularly towards the center of the vehicle, deflection caused by crosswinds can be compensated for. The airflow perpendicular to the rail vehicle is proportional to the speed

Methodology Applied
Scientific EffectCrosswind deflection: Wind

Data Source

PatentEP3049302B1Sanding device and method for blowing sand into a gap between a rail and a wheel of a rail vehicle
Publication Date: 2020.01.15 KNORR BREMSE SYST FUR SCHIENENFAHRZEUGE GMBH
  • EP3049302B1 patent drawingFigure 1~2
  • EP3049302B1 patent drawingFigure 3~5
  • EP3049302B1 patent drawingFigure 6

AI summary

The invention relates to a sanding device (102) for blowing sand (110) into a gap between a rail (106) and a wheel (104) of a rail vehicle (100), wherein the sanding device (102) comprises a nozzle (108) which is designed to dispense a variable amount of sand and an arrangement for setting (112) a discharge angle (α) of the nozzle (108) in response to a speed of the rail vehicle (100), the discharge angle (α) of the nozzle (108) being movably adjustable out of a plane of the wheel (104) and the rail (106) in order to blow sand (110) into the gap between the rail (106) and the wheel (104).