Random Number Generator Feedback for Balanced 0/1 Output
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Solution Overview
Problem
Existing random number generators face challenges in generating high-entropy random numbers due to deviations caused by physical uncertainty factors such as environmental and manufacturing elements, which can lead to an imbalance in the probability of outputting 0s and 1s, preventing the creation of high-entropy random data.
Innovation Solution
A random number generator system that includes a deviation detecting unit to monitor and correct the duty ratio of an oscillation signal, ensuring a 50% probability of outputting 0s and 1s by feedback mechanisms to maintain a balanced oscillation signal, thereby generating high-entropy random data.
Engineering Contradictions & Design Principles
Engineering Contradiction Analysis
1Reliability
If a random number generator uses physical uncertainty factors (environmental and manufacturing elements) to generate random numbers, then the randomness and entropy of the generated numbers are improved, but deviations occur in the probability balance between 0s and 1s due to physical variations
Solution Approach 1:
The patent implements a feedback mechanism where the frequency of 0s and 1s in the generated random number sequence is monitored, and control signals are generated to adjust the oscillation signal characteristics. The controller detects deviations from the expected 50% probability distribution and dynamically adjusts the oscillation signal's duty ratio or frequency to correct the imbalance, ensuring the random number generator maintains high entropy while achieving probability balance despite physical uncertainty variations.
Solution Approach 2:
The patent changes physical parameters of the oscillation signal (such as duty ratio, frequency, or amplitude) in response to detected deviations in the random number output distribution. By dynamically adjusting these parameters, the system compensates for manufacturing tolerances and environmental variations, maintaining both the randomness quality derived from physical uncertainty and the probability balance required for cryptographic applications.
2Ease of manufacture
If the oscillation signal duty ratio deviates from 50% due to manufacturing tolerances, then the circuit implementation becomes simpler, but the probability of outputting 0s and 1s becomes unbalanced, reducing random number quality
Solution Approach 1:
The system continuously monitors the output distribution of random bits and feeds this information back to the oscillation signal generation circuit. When an imbalance is detected (deviation from 50% probability for 0s and 1s), the feedback mechanism adjusts the oscillation signal parameters to correct the duty ratio, thereby maintaining high-quality random number generation without requiring extremely precise manufacturing tolerances.
Solution Approach 2:
The random number generator performs self-correction by automatically detecting its own output distribution characteristics and adjusting its internal oscillation signal parameters accordingly. This self-service mechanism allows the circuit to compensate for manufacturing variations without external calibration, maintaining both ease of manufacture and random number quality.
3Adaptability or versatility
If environmental factors (temperature, voltage) cause oscillation signal variations, then the system adapts to different operating conditions, but deviations in 0/1 probability balance occur, affecting entropy quality
Solution Approach 1:
The patent employs a feedback control mechanism that monitors the random number output distribution under varying environmental conditions and dynamically adjusts the oscillation signal parameters. When temperature or voltage changes cause probability imbalance, the controller detects this deviation and modifies the oscillation signal's duty ratio or frequency to restore the 50% probability balance, thereby maintaining high entropy quality across different operating conditions.
Solution Approach 2:
The system dynamically adjusts the oscillation signal characteristics in real-time in response to environmental variations. By making the oscillation parameters adaptive rather than fixed, the system maintains both environmental adaptability and entropy quality, as the oscillation signal automatically compensates for temperature and voltage fluctuations through the feedback mechanism.
Data Source
AI summary
According to one embodiment, a random number generator includes a first circuit which outputs a second oscillation signal having a predetermined duty ratio on the basis of a first oscillation signal, a second circuit which latches values on the basis of the second oscillation signal and a clock having a frequency lower than a frequency of the second oscillation signal, a third circuit which outputs a control signal on the basis of the values, and a fourth circuit which controls the first circuit on the basis of the control signal.